Back up and restore volumes and snapshots¶

The openstack command-line interface provides the tools for creating a volume backup. You can restore a volume from a backup as long as the backup’s associated database information (or backup metadata) is intact in the Block Storage database.

Run this command to create a backup of a volume:

$ openstack volume backup create [--incremental] [--force] VOLUME

Where VOLUME is the name or ID of the volume, incremental is a flag that indicates whether an incremental backup should be performed, and force is a flag that allows or disallows backup of a volume when the volume is attached to an instance.

Without the incremental flag, a full backup is created by default. With the incremental flag, an incremental backup is created.

Without the force flag, the volume will be backed up only if its status is available. With the force flag, the volume will be backed up whether its status is available or in-use. A volume is in-use when it is attached to an instance. The backup of an in-use volume means your data is crash consistent. The force flag is False by default.

The incremental backup is based on a parent backup which is an existing backup with the latest timestamp. The parent backup can be a full backup or an incremental backup depending on the timestamp.

A new configure option backup_swift_block_size is introduced into cinder.conf for the default Swift backup driver. This is the size in bytes that changes are tracked for incremental backups. The existing backup_swift_object_size option, the size in bytes of Swift backup objects, has to be a multiple of backup_swift_block_size. The default is 32768 for backup_swift_block_size, and the default is 52428800 for backup_swift_object_size.

The configuration option backup_swift_enable_progress_timer in cinder.conf is used when backing up the volume to Object Storage back end. This option enables or disables the timer. It is enabled by default to send the periodic progress notifications to the Telemetry service.

This command also returns a backup ID. Use this backup ID when restoring the volume:

$ openstack volume backup restore BACKUP_ID VOLUME_ID

When restoring from a full backup, it is a full restore.

When restoring from an incremental backup, a list of backups is built based on the IDs of the parent backups. A full restore is performed based on the full backup first, then restore is done based on the incremental backup, laying on top of it in order.

You can view a backup list with the openstack volume backup list command. Optional arguments to clarify the status of your backups include: running --name, --status, and --volume to filter through backups by the specified name, status, or volume-id. Search with --all-projects for details of the projects associated with the listed backups.

Because volume backups are dependent on the Block Storage database, you must also back up your Block Storage database regularly to ensure data recovery.

By default, the swift object store is used for the backup repository.

If instead you want to use an NFS export as the backup repository, add the following configuration options to the [DEFAULT] section of the cinder.conf file and restart the Block Storage services:

backup_driver = cinder.backup.drivers.nfs
backup_share = HOST:EXPORT_PATH

For the backup_share option, replace HOST with the DNS resolvable host name or the IP address of the storage server for the NFS share, and EXPORT_PATH with the path to that share. If your environment requires that non-default mount options be specified for the share, set these as follows:

backup_mount_options = MOUNT_OPTIONS

MOUNT_OPTIONS is a comma-separated string of NFS mount options as detailed in the NFS man page.

There are several other options whose default values may be overridden as appropriate for your environment:

backup_compression_algorithm = zlib
backup_sha_block_size_bytes = 32768
backup_file_size = 1999994880

The option backup_compression_algorithm can be set to bz2 or None. The latter can be a useful setting when the server providing the share for the backup repository itself performs deduplication or compression on the backup data.

The option backup_file_size must be a multiple of backup_sha_block_size_bytes. It is effectively the maximum file size to be used, given your environment, to hold backup data. Volumes larger than this will be stored in multiple files in the backup repository. The backup_sha_block_size_bytes option determines the size of blocks from the cinder volume being backed up on which digital signatures are calculated in order to enable incremental backup capability.

You also have the option of resetting the state of a backup. When creating or restoring a backup, sometimes it may get stuck in the creating or restoring states due to problems like the database or rabbitmq being down. In situations like these resetting the state of the backup can restore it to a functional status.

Run this command to restore the state of a backup:

$ cinder backup-reset-state [--state STATE] BACKUP_ID-1 BACKUP_ID-2 ...

Run this command to create a backup of a snapshot:

$ openstack volume backup create [--incremental] [--force] \
  [--snapshot SNAPSHOT_ID] VOLUME

Where VOLUME is the name or ID of the volume, SNAPSHOT_ID is the ID of the volume’s snapshot.