Dell EMC Unity driver¶

Unity driver has been integrated in the OpenStack Block Storage project since the Ocata release. The driver is built on the top of Block Storage framework and a Dell EMC distributed Python package storops.

Prerequisites¶

Software	Version
Unity OE	4.1.X or newer
storops	1.2.3 or newer

Supported operations¶

Create, delete, attach, and detach volumes.
Create, delete, attach, and detach compressed volumes.
Create, list, and delete volume snapshots.
Create a volume from a snapshot.
Copy an image to a volume.
Create an image from a volume.
Clone a volume.
Extend a volume.
Migrate a volume.
Get volume statistics.
Efficient non-disruptive volume backup.
Revert a volume to a snapshot.
Create thick volumes.
Create volume with tiering policy.
Create and delete consistent groups.
Add/remove volumes to/from a consistent group.
Create and delete consistent group snapshots.
Clone a consistent group.
Create a consistent group from a snapshot.
Attach a volume to multiple servers simultaneously (multiattach).
Volume replications.
Consistency group replications.

Driver configuration¶

Note

The following instructions should all be performed on Block Storage nodes.

Install storops from pypi:
```
# pip install storops
```

Add the following content into /etc/cinder/cinder.conf:

[DEFAULT]
enabled_backends = unity

[unity]
# Storage protocol
storage_protocol = iSCSI
# Unisphere IP
san_ip = <SAN IP>
# Unisphere username and password
san_login = <SAN LOGIN>
san_password = <SAN PASSWORD>
# Volume driver name
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.dell_emc.unity.Driver
# backend's name
volume_backend_name = Storage_ISCSI_01

Note

These are minimal options for Unity driver, for more options, see Driver options.

Note

(Optional) If you require multipath based data access, perform below steps on both Block Storage and Compute nodes.

Install sysfsutils, sg3-utils and multipath-tools:

# apt-get install multipath-tools sg3-utils sysfsutils

(Required for FC driver in case Auto-zoning Support is disabled) Zone the FC ports of Compute nodes with Unity FC target ports.

Enable Unity storage optimized multipath configuration:

Add the following content into /etc/multipath.conf

blacklist {
    # Skip the files uner /dev that are definitely not FC/iSCSI devices
    # Different system may need different customization
    devnode "^(ram|raw|loop|fd|md|dm-|sr|scd|st)[0-9]*"
    devnode "^hd[a-z][0-9]*"
    devnode "^cciss!c[0-9]d[0-9]*[p[0-9]*]"

    # Skip LUNZ device from VNX/Unity
    device {
        vendor "DGC"
        product "LUNZ"
    }
}

defaults {
    user_friendly_names no
    flush_on_last_del yes
}

devices {
    # Device attributed for EMC CLARiiON and VNX/Unity series ALUA
    device {
        vendor "DGC"
        product ".*"
        product_blacklist "LUNZ"
        path_grouping_policy group_by_prio
        path_selector "round-robin 0"
        path_checker emc_clariion
        features "0"
        no_path_retry 12
        hardware_handler "1 alua"
        prio alua
        failback immediate
    }
}

Restart the multipath service:
```
# service multipath-tools restart
```
Enable multipath for image transfer in /etc/cinder/cinder.conf for each backend or in [backend_defaults] section as a common configuration for all backends.
```
use_multipath_for_image_xfer = True
```
Restart the cinder-volume service to load the change.
Enable multipath for volume attache/detach in /etc/nova/nova.conf.
```
[libvirt]
...
volume_use_multipath = True
...
```
Restart the nova-compute service.

Driver options¶

Description of Unity configuration options¶
Configuration option = Default value	Description
`remove_empty_host` = `False`	(Boolean) To remove the host from Unity when the last LUN is detached from it. By default, it is False.
`san_api_port` = `None`	(Port(min=0, max=65535)) Port to use to access the SAN API
`san_clustername` = `<>`	(String) Cluster name to use for creating volumes
`san_ip` = `<>`	(String) IP address of SAN controller
`san_is_local` = `False`	(Boolean) Execute commands locally instead of over SSH; use if the volume service is running on the SAN device
`san_login` = `admin`	(String) Username for SAN controller
`san_password` = `<>`	(String) Password for SAN controller
`san_private_key` = `<>`	(String) Filename of private key to use for SSH authentication
`san_ssh_port` = `22`	(Port(min=0, max=65535)) SSH port to use with SAN
`san_thin_provision` = `True`	(Boolean) Use thin provisioning for SAN volumes?
`ssh_conn_timeout` = `30`	(Integer) SSH connection timeout in seconds
`ssh_max_pool_conn` = `5`	(Integer) Maximum ssh connections in the pool
`ssh_min_pool_conn` = `1`	(Integer) Minimum ssh connections in the pool
`unity_io_ports` = `[]`	(List of String) A comma-separated list of iSCSI or FC ports to be used. Each port can be Unix-style glob expressions.
`unity_storage_pool_names` = `[]`	(List of String) A comma-separated list of storage pool names to be used.

FC or iSCSI ports option¶

Specify the list of FC or iSCSI ports to be used to perform the IO. Wild card character is supported. For iSCSI ports, use the following format:

unity_io_ports = spa_eth2, spb_eth2, *_eth3

For FC ports, use the following format:

unity_io_ports = spa_iom_0_fc0, spb_iom_0_fc0, *_iom_0_fc1

List the port ID with the uemcli command:

$ uemcli /net/port/eth show -output csv
...
"spa_eth2","SP A Ethernet Port 2","spa","file, net, iscsi", ...
"spb_eth2","SP B Ethernet Port 2","spb","file, net, iscsi", ...
...

$ uemcli /net/port/fc show -output csv
...
"spa_iom_0_fc0","SP A I/O Module 0 FC Port 0","spa", ...
"spb_iom_0_fc0","SP B I/O Module 0 FC Port 0","spb", ...
...

Live migration integration¶

It is suggested to have multipath configured on Compute nodes for robust data access in VM instances live migration scenario. Once user_friendly_names no is set in defaults section of /etc/multipath.conf, Compute nodes will use the WWID as the alias for the multipath devices.

To enable multipath in live migration:

Note

Make sure Driver configuration steps are performed before following steps.

Set multipath in /etc/nova/nova.conf:
```
[libvirt]
...
volume_use_multipath = True
...
```
Restart nova-compute service.

Set user_friendly_names no in /etc/multipath.conf

...
defaults {
    user_friendly_names no
}
...

Restart the multipath-tools service.

Thin and thick provisioning¶

By default, the volume created by Unity driver is thin provisioned. Run the following commands to create a thick volume.

# openstack volume type create --property provisioning:type=thick \
  --property thick_provisioning_support='<is> True' thick_volume_type
# openstack volume create --type thick_volume_type thick_volume

Compressed volume support¶

Unity driver supports compressed volume creation, modification and deletion. In order to create a compressed volume, a volume type which enables compression support needs to be created first:

$ openstack volume type create CompressedVolumeType
$ openstack volume type set --property provisioning:type=compressed --property compression_support='<is> True' CompressedVolumeType

Then create volume and specify the new created volume type.

Note

In Unity, only All-Flash pools support compressed volume, for the other type of pools, “‘compression_support’: False” will be returned when getting pool stats.

Storage-assisted volume migration support¶

Unity driver supports storage-assisted volume migration, when the user starts migrating with cinder migrate --force-host-copy False <volume_id> <host> or cinder migrate <volume_id> <host>, cinder will try to leverage the Unity’s native volume migration functionality. If Unity fails to migrate the volume, host-assisted migration will be triggered.

In the following scenarios, Unity storage-assisted volume migration will not be triggered. Instead, host-assisted volume migration will be triggered:

Volume is to be migrated across backends.
Migration of cloned volume. For example, if vol_2 was cloned from vol_1, the storage-assisted volume migration of vol_2 will not be triggered.

Retype volume support¶

Unity driver supports to change a volume’s type after its creation.

$ cinder retype [--migration-policy <never|on-demand>] <volume> <volume-type>

The –migration-policy is not enabled by default. Some retype operations will require migration based on back-end support. In these cases, the storage-assisted migration will be triggered regardless the –migration-policy. For examples: retype between ‘thin’ and ‘thick’, retype between ‘thick’ and ‘compressed’, retype to type(s) current host doesn’t support.

QoS support¶

Unity driver supports maxBWS and maxIOPS specs for the back-end consumer type. maxBWS represents the Maximum Bandwidth (KBPS) absolute limit, maxIOPS represents the Maximum IO/S absolute limit on the Unity respectively.

Storage tiering support¶

Unity supports fully automated storage tiering which requires the FAST VP license activated on the Unity. The OpenStack administrator can use the extra spec key storagetype:tiering to set the tiering policy of a volume and use the key fast_support='<is> True' to let Block Storage scheduler find a volume back end which manages a Unity with FAST VP license activated. There are four supported values for the extra spec key storagetype:tiering when creating volume.

Key: storagetype:tiering
Possible values:
- StartHighThenAuto
- Auto
- HighestAvailable
- LowestAvailable
Default: StartHighThenAuto

Run the following commands to create a volume type with tiering policy:

$ openstack volume type create VolumeOnAutoTier
$ openstack volume type set --property storagetype:tiering=Auto --property fast_support='<is> True' VolumeOnAutoTier

Auto-zoning support¶

Unity volume driver supports auto-zoning, and share the same configuration guide for other vendors. Refer to Fibre Channel Zone Manager for detailed configuration steps.

Solution for LUNZ device¶

The EMC host team also found LUNZ on all of the hosts, EMC best practice is to present a LUN with HLU 0 to clear any LUNZ devices as they can cause issues on the host. See KB LUNZ Device.

To workaround this issue, Unity driver creates a Dummy LUN (if not present), and adds it to each host to occupy the HLU 0 during volume attachment.

Note

This Dummy LUN is shared among all hosts connected to the Unity.

Efficient non-disruptive volume backup¶

The default implementation in Block Storage for non-disruptive volume backup is not efficient since a cloned volume will be created during backup.

An effective approach to backups is to create a snapshot for the volume and connect this snapshot to the Block Storage host for volume backup.

SSL support¶

Admin is able to enable the SSL verification for any communication against Unity REST API.

By default, the SSL verification is disabled, user can enable it by following steps:

Setup the Unity array certificate and import it to the Unity, see section Storage system certificate of Security Configuration Guide.
Import the CA certificate to the Cinder nodes on which the driver is running.
Enable the changes on cinder nodes and restart the cinder services.

[unity]
...
driver_ssl_cert_verify = True
driver_ssl_cert_path = <path to the CA>
...

If driver_ssl_cert_path is omitted, the system default CA will be used for CA verification.

IPv6 support¶

This driver can support IPv6-based control path and data path.

For control path, please follow below steps:

Enable Unity’s Unipshere IPv6 address.
Configure the IPv6 network to make sure that cinder node can access Unishpere via IPv6 address.
Change Cinder config file /etc/cinder/cinder.conf. Make the san_ip as Unisphere IPv6 address. For example, san_ip = [fd99:f17b:37d0::100].
Restart the Cinder service to make new configuration take effect.

Note: The IPv6 support on control path depends on the fix of cpython bug 32185. Please make sure your Python’s version includes this bug’s fix.

For data path, please follow below steps:

On Unity, Create iSCSI interface with IPv6 address.
Configure the IPv6 network to make sure that you can ping the Unity’s iSCSI IPv6 address from the Cinder node.
If you create a volume using Cinder and attach it to a VM, the connection between this VM and volume will be IPv6-based iSCSI.

Force detach volume from all hosts¶

The user could use os-force_detach action to detach a volume from all its attached hosts. For more detail, please refer to https://docs.openstack.org/api-ref/block-storage/v2/?expanded=force-detach-volume-detail#force-detach-volume

Consistent group support¶

For a group to support consistent group snapshot, the group specs in the corresponding group type should have the following entry:

{'consistent_group_snapshot_enabled': <is> True}

Similarly, for a volume to be in a group that supports consistent group snapshots, the volume type extra specs would also have the following entry:

{'consistent_group_snapshot_enabled': <is> True}

Refer to Generic volume groups for command lines detail.

Volume replications¶

To enable volume replications, follow below steps:

On Unisphere, configure remote system and interfaces for replications.

The way could be different depending on the type of replications - sync or async. Refer to Unity Replication White Paper for more detail.

Add replication_device to storage backend settings in cinder.conf, then restart Cinder Volume service.

Example of cinder.conf for volume replications:
```
[unity-primary]
san_ip = xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
...
replication_device = backend_id:unity-secondary,san_ip:yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy,san_login:username,san_password:****,max_time_out_of_sync:60
```
- Only one replication_device can be configured for each primary backend.
- Keys backend_id, san_ip, san_password, and max_time_out_of_sync are supported in replication_device, while backend_id and san_ip are required.
- san_password uses the same one as primary backend’s if it is omitted.
- max_time_out_of_sync is the max time in minutes replications are out of sync. It must be equal or greater than 0. 0 means sync replications of volumes will be created. Note that remote systems for sync replications need to be created on Unity first. 60 will be used if it is omitted.

Create a volume type with property replication_enabled=’<is> True’.

$ openstack volume type create --property replication_enabled='<is> True' type-replication

Any volumes with volume type of step #3 will failover to secondary backend after failover_host is executed.
```
$ cinder failover-host --backend_id unity-secondary stein@unity-primary
```

Later, they could be failed back.

$ cinder failover-host --backend_id default stein@unity-primary

Note

The volume can be deleted even when it is participating in a replication. The replication session will be deleted from Unity before the LUN is deleted.

Consistency group replications¶

To enable consistency group replications, follow below steps:

On Unisphere, configure remote system and interfaces for replications.

The way could be different depending on the type of replications - sync or async. Refer to Unity Replication White Paper for more detail.

Add replication_device to storage backend settings in cinder.conf, then restart Cinder Volume service.

Example of cinder.conf for volume replications:
```
[unity-primary]
san_ip = xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
...
replication_device = backend_id:unity-secondary,san_ip:yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy,san_login:username,san_password:****,max_time_out_of_sync:60
```
- Only one replication_device can be configured for each primary backend.
- Keys backend_id, san_ip, san_password, and max_time_out_of_sync are supported in replication_device, while backend_id and san_ip are required.
- san_password uses the same one as primary backend’s if it is omitted.
- max_time_out_of_sync is the max time in minutes replications are out of sync. It must be equal or greater than 0. 0 means sync replications of volumes will be created. Note that remote systems for sync replications need to be created on Unity first. 60 will be used if it is omitted.

Create a volume type with property replication_enabled=’<is> True’.

$ openstack volume type create --property replication_enabled='<is> True' type-replication

Create a consistency group type with properties consistent_group_snapshot_enabled=’<is> True’ and consistent_group_replication_enabled=’<is> True’.

$ cinder --os-volume-api-version 3.38 group-type-create type-cg-replication
$ cinder --os-volume-api-version 3.38 group-type-key type-cg-replication set
consistent_group_snapshot_enabled='<is> True' consistent_group_replication_enabled='<is> True'

Create a group type with volume types support replication.

$ cinder --os-volume-api-version 3.38 group-create --name test-cg {type-cg-replication-id} type-replication

Create volume in the consistency group.

$ cinder --os-volume-api-version 3.38 create --volume-type type-replication --group-id {test-cg-id}
--name {volume-name} {size}

Enable consistency group replication.

$ cinder --os-volume-api-version 3.38 group-enable-replication test-cg

Disable consistency group replication.

$ cinder --os-volume-api-version 3.38 group-disable-replication test-cg

Failover consistency group replication.

$ cinder --os-volume-api-version 3.38 group-failover-replication test-cg

Failback consistency group replication.

$ cinder --os-volume-api-version 3.38 group-failover-replication test-cg --secondary-backend-id default

Note

Only support group replication of consistency group, see step 4 and 5 to create consistency group support replication.

Troubleshooting¶

To troubleshoot a failure in OpenStack deployment, the best way is to enable verbose and debug log, at the same time, leverage the build-in Return request ID to caller to track specific Block Storage command logs.

Enable verbose log, set following in /etc/cinder/cinder.conf and restart all Block Storage services:
```
[DEFAULT]

...

debug = True
verbose = True

...
```
If other projects (usually Compute) are also involved, set debug and verbose to True.

use --debug to trigger any problematic Block Storage operation:

# cinder --debug create --name unity_vol1 100

You will see the request ID from the console, for example:

DEBUG:keystoneauth:REQ: curl -g -i -X POST
http://192.168.1.9:8776/v2/e50d22bdb5a34078a8bfe7be89324078/volumes -H
"User-Agent: python-cinderclient" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H
"Accept: application/json" -H "X-Auth-Token:
{SHA1}bf4a85ad64302b67a39ad7c6f695a9630f39ab0e" -d '{"volume": {"status":
"creating", "user_id": null, "name": "unity_vol1", "imageRef": null,
"availability_zone": null, "description": null, "multiattach": false,
"attach_status": "detached", "volume_type": null, "metadata": {},
"consistencygroup_id": null, "source_volid": null, "snapshot_id": null,
"project_id": null, "source_replica": null, "size": 10}}'
DEBUG:keystoneauth:RESP: [202] X-Compute-Request-Id:
req-3a459e0e-871a-49f9-9796-b63cc48b5015 Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 804 X-Openstack-Request-Id:
req-3a459e0e-871a-49f9-9796-b63cc48b5015 Date: Mon, 12 Dec 2016 09:31:44 GMT
Connection: keep-alive

Use commands like grep, awk to find the error related to the Block Storage operations.
```
# grep "req-3a459e0e-871a-49f9-9796-b63cc48b5015" cinder-volume.log
```

Dell EMC Unity driver

Dell EMC Unity driver¶

Prerequisites¶

Supported operations¶

Driver configuration¶

Driver options¶

FC or iSCSI ports option¶

Live migration integration¶

Thin and thick provisioning¶

Compressed volume support¶

Storage-assisted volume migration support¶

Retype volume support¶

QoS support¶

Storage tiering support¶

Auto-zoning support¶

Solution for LUNZ device¶

Efficient non-disruptive volume backup¶

SSL support¶

IPv6 support¶

Force detach volume from all hosts¶

Consistent group support¶

Volume replications¶

Consistency group replications¶

Troubleshooting¶

cinder

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