The cloud operator assigns roles to users. Roles determine who can upload and manage images. The operator might restrict image upload and management to only cloud administrators or operators.
You can upload images through the openstack image create
command or the Image service API. You can use the openstack
client
for the image management. It provides mechanisms to list and
delete images, set and delete image metadata, and create images of a
running instance or snapshot and backup types.
After you upload an image, you cannot change it.
For details about image creation, see the Virtual Machine Image Guide.
To get a list of images and to get further details about a single image, use openstack image list and openstack image show commands.
$ openstack image list
+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------+--------+
| ID | Name | Status |
+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------+--------+
| dfc1dfb0-d7bf-4fff-8994-319dd6f703d7 | cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-uec | active |
| a3867e29-c7a1-44b0-9e7f-10db587cad20 | cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-uec-kernel | active |
| 4b916fba-6775-4092-92df-f41df7246a6b | cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-uec-ramdisk | active |
| d07831df-edc3-4817-9881-89141f9134c3 | myCirrosImage | active |
+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------+--------+
$ openstack image show myCirrosImage
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| checksum | ee1eca47dc88f4879d8a229cc70a07c6 |
| container_format | ami |
| created_at | 2016-08-11T15:07:26Z |
| disk_format | ami |
| file | /v2/images/d07831df-edc3-4817-9881-89141f9134c3/file |
| id | d07831df-edc3-4817-9881-89141f9134c3 |
| min_disk | 0 |
| min_ram | 0 |
| name | myCirrosImage |
| owner | d88310717a8e4ebcae84ed075f82c51e |
| protected | False |
| schema | /v2/schemas/image |
| size | 13287936 |
| status | active |
| tags | |
| updated_at | 2016-08-11T15:20:02Z |
| virtual_size | None |
| visibility | private |
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
When viewing a list of images, you can also use grep
to filter the
list, as follows:
$ openstack image list | grep 'cirros'
| dfc1dfb0-d7bf-4fff-8994-319dd6f703d7 | cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-uec | active |
| a3867e29-c7a1-44b0-9e7f-10db587cad20 | cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-uec-kernel | active |
| 4b916fba-6775-4092-92df-f41df7246a6b | cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-uec-ramdisk | active |
Note
To store location metadata for images, which enables direct file access for a client,
update the /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
file with the following statements:
show_multiple_locations = True
filesystem_store_metadata_file = filePath
where filePath points to a JSON file that defines the mount point for OpenStack images on your system and a unique ID. For example:
[{
"id": "2d9bb53f-70ea-4066-a68b-67960eaae673",
"mountpoint": "/var/lib/glance/images/"
}]
After you restart the Image service, you can use the following syntax to view the image’s location information:
$ openstack --os-image-api-version 2 image show imageID
For example, using the image ID shown above, you would issue the command as follows:
$ openstack --os-image-api-version 2 image show 2d9bb53f-70ea-4066-a68b-67960eaae673
To create an image, use openstack image create:
$ openstack image create imageName
To update an image by name or ID, use openstack image set:
$ openstack image set imageName
The following list explains the optional arguments that you can use with
the create
and set
commands to modify image properties. For
more information, refer to the OpenStack Image command reference.
The following example shows the command that you would use to upload a CentOS 6.3 image in qcow2 format and configure it for public access:
$ openstack image create --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare \
--public --file ./centos63.qcow2 centos63-image
The following example shows how to update an existing image with a properties that describe the disk bus, the CD-ROM bus, and the VIF model:
Note
When you use OpenStack with VMware vCenter Server, you need to specify
the vmware_disktype
and vmware_adaptertype
properties with
openstack image create.
Also, we recommend that you set the hypervisor_type="vmware"
property.
For more information, see Images with VMware vSphere
in the OpenStack Configuration Reference.
$ openstack image set \
--property hw_disk_bus=scsi \
--property hw_cdrom_bus=ide \
--property hw_vif_model=e1000 \
f16-x86_64-openstack-sda
Currently the libvirt virtualization tool determines the disk, CD-ROM,
and VIF device models based on the configured hypervisor type
(libvirt_type
in /etc/nova/nova.conf
file). For the sake of optimal
performance, libvirt defaults to using virtio for both disk and VIF
(NIC) models. The disadvantage of this approach is that it is not
possible to run operating systems that lack virtio drivers, for example,
BSD, Solaris, and older versions of Linux and Windows.
If you specify a disk or CD-ROM bus model that is not supported, see the Disk_and_CD-ROM_bus_model_values_table. If you specify a VIF model that is not supported, the instance fails to launch. See the VIF_model_values_table.
The valid model values depend on the libvirt_type
setting, as shown
in the following tables.
Disk and CD-ROM bus model values
libvirt_type setting | Supported model values |
---|---|
qemu or kvm |
|
xen |
|
VIF model values
libvirt_type setting | Supported model values |
---|---|
qemu or kvm |
|
xen |
|
vmware |
|
Note
By default, hardware properties are retrieved from the image
properties. However, if this information is not available, the
libosinfo
database provides an alternative source for these
values.
If the guest operating system is not in the database, or if the use
of libosinfo
is disabled, the default system values are used.
Users can set the operating system ID or a short-id
in image
properties. For example:
$ openstack image set --property short-id=fedora23 \
name-of-my-fedora-image
Alternatively, users can set id
to a URL:
$ openstack image set \
--property id=http://fedoraproject.org/fedora/23 \
ID-of-my-fedora-image
You can upload ISO images to the Image service (glance). You can subsequently boot an ISO image using Compute.
In the Image service, run the following command:
$ openstack image create ISO_IMAGE --file IMAGE.iso \
--disk-format iso --container-format bare
Optionally, to confirm the upload in Image service, run:
$ openstack image list
If you encounter problems in creating an image in the Image service or Compute, the following information may help you troubleshoot the creation process.
unknown option -s
error message in the /var/log/nova/nova-compute.log
file./var/log/nova/nova-api.log
and
/var/log/nova/nova-compute.log
log files for error messages.Except where otherwise noted, this document is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. See all OpenStack Legal Documents.