Basic Configuration

Glance has a number of options that you can use to configure the Glance API server and the various storage backends that Glance can use to store images.

Most configuration is done via configuration files.

When starting up a Glance server, you can specify the configuration file to use (see the documentation on controller Glance servers). If you do not specify a configuration file, Glance will look in the following directories for a configuration file, in order:

  • ~/.glance

  • ~/

  • /etc/glance

  • /etc

The Glance API server configuration file should be named glance-api.conf. There are many other configuration files also since Glance maintains a configuration file for each of its services. If you installed Glance via your operating system’s package management system, it is likely that you will have sample configuration files installed in /etc/glance.

In addition, sample configuration files for each server application with detailed comments are available in the Glance Sample Configuration section.

The PasteDeploy configuration (controlling the deployment of the WSGI application for each component) may be found by default in <component>-paste.ini alongside the main configuration file, <component>.conf. For example, glance-api-paste.ini corresponds to glance-api.conf. This pathname for the paste config is configurable, as follows:

[paste_deploy]
config_file = /path/to/paste/config

Common Configuration Options in Glance

Glance has a few command-line options that are common to all Glance programs:

--verbose

Optional. Default: False

Can be specified on the command line and in configuration files.

Turns on the INFO level in logging and prints more verbose command-line interface printouts.

--debug

Optional. Default: False

Can be specified on the command line and in configuration files.

Turns on the DEBUG level in logging.

--config-file=PATH

Optional. Default: See below for default search order.

Specified on the command line only.

Takes a path to a configuration file to use when running the program. If this CLI option is not specified, then we check to see if the first argument is a file. If it is, then we try to use that as the configuration file. If there is no file or there were no arguments, we search for a configuration file in the following order:

  • ~/.glance

  • ~/

  • /etc/glance

  • /etc

The filename that is searched for depends on the server application name. So, if you are starting up the API server, glance-api.conf is searched for.

--config-dir=DIR

Optional. Default: None

Specified on the command line only.

Takes a path to a configuration directory from which all *.conf fragments are loaded. This provides an alternative to multiple --config-file options when it is inconvenient to explicitly enumerate all the configuration files, for example when an unknown number of config fragments are being generated by a deployment framework.

If --config-dir is set, then --config-file is ignored.

An example usage would be:

$ glance-api --config-dir=/etc/glance/glance-api.d

$ ls /etc/glance/glance-api.d
  00-core.conf
  01-swift.conf
  02-ssl.conf
  ... etc.

The numeric prefixes in the example above are only necessary if a specific parse ordering is required (i.e. if an individual config option set in an earlier fragment is overridden in a later fragment).

Note that glance-manage currently loads configuration from three files:

  • glance-api.conf

  • glance-manage.conf

By default glance-manage.conf only specifies a custom logging file but other configuration options for glance-manage should be migrated in there. Warning: Options set in glance-manage.conf will override options of the same section and name set in glance-api.conf

Configuring Server Startup Options

You can put the following options in the glance-api.conf file, under the [DEFAULT] section. They enable startup and binding behaviour for the API servers, respectively.

bind_host=ADDRESS

The address of the host to bind to.

Optional. Default: 0.0.0.0

bind_port=PORT

The port the server should bind to.

Optional. Default: 9292 for the API server

backlog=REQUESTS

Number of backlog requests to configure the socket with.

Optional. Default: 4096

tcp_keepidle=SECONDS

Sets the value of TCP_KEEPIDLE in seconds for each server socket. Not supported on OS X.

Optional. Default: 600

client_socket_timeout=SECONDS

Timeout for client connections’ socket operations. If an incoming connection is idle for this period it will be closed. A value of 0 means wait forever.

Optional. Default: 900

workers=PROCESSES

Number of Glance API worker processes to start. Each worker process will listen on the same port. Increasing this value may increase performance (especially if using SSL with compression enabled). Typically it is recommended to have one worker process per CPU. The value 0 will prevent any new worker processes from being created. When data_api is set to glance.db.simple.api, workers MUST be set to either 0 or 1.

Optional. Default: The number of CPUs available will be used by default.

max_request_id_length=LENGTH

Limits the maximum size of the x-openstack-request-id header which is logged. Affects only if context middleware is configured in pipeline.

Optional. Default: 64 (Limited by max_header_line default: 16384)

Configuring Logging in Glance

There are a number of configuration options in Glance that control how Glance servers log messages.

--log-config=PATH

Optional. Default: None

Specified on the command line only.

Takes a path to a configuration file to use for configuring logging.

Logging Options Available Only in Configuration Files

You will want to place the different logging options in the [DEFAULT] section in your application configuration file. As an example, you might do the following for the API server, in a configuration file called etc/glance-api.conf:

[DEFAULT]
log_file = /var/log/glance/api.log
log_file

The filepath of the file to use for logging messages from Glance’s servers. If missing, the default is to output messages to stdout, so if you are running Glance servers in a daemon mode (using glance-control) you should make sure that the log_file option is set appropriately.

log_dir

The filepath of the directory to use for log files. If not specified (the default) the log_file is used as an absolute filepath.

log_date_format

The format string for timestamps in the log output.

Defaults to %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S. See the logging module documentation for more information on setting this format string.

log_use_syslog

Use syslog logging functionality.

Defaults to False.

Configuring Glance Storage Backends

There are a number of configuration options in Glance that control how Glance stores disk images. These configuration options are specified in the glance-api.conf configuration file in the section [glance_store].

default_store=STORE

Optional. Default: file

Can only be specified in configuration files.

Sets the storage backend to use by default when storing images in Glance. Available options for this option are (file, swift, rbd, cinder or vsphere). In order to select a default store it must also be listed in the stores list described below.

stores=STORES

Optional. Default: file, http

A comma separated list of enabled glance stores. Some available options for this option are (filesystem, http, rbd, swift, cinder, vmware)

Configuring the Filesystem Storage Backend

filesystem_store_datadir=PATH

Optional. Default: /var/lib/glance/images/

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the filesystem storage backend.

Sets the path where the filesystem storage backend write disk images. Note that the filesystem storage backend will attempt to create this directory if it does not exist. Ensure that the user that glance-api runs under has write permissions to this directory.

filesystem_store_file_perm=PERM_MODE

Optional. Default: 0

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the filesystem storage backend.

The required permission value, in octal representation, for the created image file. You can use this value to specify the user of the consuming service (such as Nova) as the only member of the group that owns the created files. To keep the default value, assign a permission value that is less than or equal to 0. Note that the file owner must maintain read permission; if this value removes that permission an error message will be logged and the BadStoreConfiguration exception will be raised. If the Glance service has insufficient privileges to change file access permissions, a file will still be saved, but a warning message will appear in the Glance log.

filesystem_store_chunk_size=SIZE_IN_BYTES

Optional. Default: 65536

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the filesystem storage backend.

The chunk size used when reading or writing image files. Raising this value may improve the throughput but it may also slightly increase the memory usage when handling a large number of requests.

Configuring the Filesystem Storage Backend with multiple stores

filesystem_store_datadirs=PATH:PRIORITY

Optional. Default: /var/lib/glance/images/:1

Example:

filesystem_store_datadirs = /var/glance/store
filesystem_store_datadirs = /var/glance/store1:100
filesystem_store_datadirs = /var/glance/store2:200

This option can only be specified in configuration file and is specific to the filesystem storage backend only.

filesystem_store_datadirs option allows administrators to configure multiple store directories to save glance image in filesystem storage backend. Each directory can be coupled with its priority.

NOTE:

  • This option can be specified multiple times to specify multiple stores.

  • Either filesystem_store_datadir or filesystem_store_datadirs option must be specified in glance-api.conf

  • Store with priority 200 has precedence over store with priority 100.

  • If no priority is specified, default priority ‘0’ is associated with it.

  • If two filesystem stores have same priority store with maximum free space will be chosen to store the image.

  • If same store is specified multiple times then BadStoreConfiguration exception will be raised.

Configuring the Swift Storage Backend

swift_store_auth_address=URL

Required when using the Swift storage backend.

Can only be specified in configuration files.

Deprecated. Use auth_address in the Swift back-end configuration file instead.

This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.

Sets the authentication URL supplied to Swift when making calls to its storage system. For more information about the Swift authentication system, please see the Swift auth documentation.

IMPORTANT NOTE: Swift authentication addresses use HTTPS by default. This means that if you are running Swift with authentication over HTTP, you need to set your swift_store_auth_address to the full URL, including the http://.

swift_store_user=USER

Required when using the Swift storage backend.

Can only be specified in configuration files.

Deprecated. Use user in the Swift back-end configuration file instead.

This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.

Sets the user to authenticate against the swift_store_auth_address with.

swift_store_key=KEY

Required when using the Swift storage backend.

Can only be specified in configuration files.

Deprecated. Use key in the Swift back-end configuration file instead.

This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.

Sets the authentication key to authenticate against the swift_store_auth_address with for the user swift_store_user.

swift_store_container=CONTAINER

Optional. Default: glance

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.

Sets the name of the container to use for Glance images in Swift.

swift_store_create_container_on_put

Optional. Default: False

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.

If true, Glance will attempt to create the container swift_store_container if it does not exist.

swift_store_large_object_size=SIZE_IN_MB

Optional. Default: 5120

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.

What size, in MB, should Glance start chunking image files and do a large object manifest in Swift? By default, this is the maximum object size in Swift, which is 5GB

swift_store_large_object_chunk_size=SIZE_IN_MB

Optional. Default: 200

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.

When doing a large object manifest, what size, in MB, should Glance write chunks to Swift? The default is 200MB.

swift_store_multi_tenant=False

Optional. Default: False

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.

If set to True enables multi-tenant storage mode which causes Glance images to be stored in tenant specific Swift accounts. When set to False Glance stores all images in a single Swift account.

swift_store_multiple_containers_seed

Optional. Default: 0

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.

When set to 0, a single-tenant store will only use one container to store all images. When set to an integer value between 1 and 32, a single-tenant store will use multiple containers to store images, and this value will determine how many characters from an image UUID are checked when determining what container to place the image in. The maximum number of containers that will be created is approximately equal to 16^N. This setting is used only when swift_store_multi_tenant is disabled.

Example: if this config option is set to 3 and swift_store_container = ‘glance’, then an image with UUID ‘fdae39a1-bac5-4238-aba4-69bcc726e848’ would be placed in the container ‘glance_fda’. All dashes in the UUID are included when creating the container name but do not count toward the character limit, so in this example with N=10 the container name would be ‘glance_fdae39a1-ba’.

When choosing the value for swift_store_multiple_containers_seed, deployers should discuss a suitable value with their swift operations team. The authors of this option recommend that large scale deployments use a value of ‘2’, which will create a maximum of ~256 containers. Choosing a higher number than this, even in extremely large scale deployments, may not have any positive impact on performance and could lead to a large number of empty, unused containers. The largest of deployments could notice an increase in performance if swift rate limits are throttling on single container. Note: If dynamic container creation is turned off, any value for this configuration option higher than ‘1’ may be unreasonable as the deployer would have to manually create each container.

swift_store_admin_tenants

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.

Optional. Default: Not set.

A list of swift ACL strings that will be applied as both read and write ACLs to the containers created by Glance in multi-tenant mode. This grants the specified tenants/users read and write access to all newly created image objects. The standard swift ACL string formats are allowed, including:

<tenant_id>:<username> <tenant_name>:<username> *:<username>

Multiple ACLs can be combined using a comma separated list, for example: swift_store_admin_tenants = service:glance,*:admin

swift_store_auth_version

Can only be specified in configuration files.

Deprecated. Use auth_version in the Swift back-end configuration file instead.

This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.

Optional. Default: 2

A string indicating which version of Swift OpenStack authentication to use. See the project python-swiftclient for more details.

swift_store_service_type

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.

Optional. Default: object-store

A string giving the service type of the swift service to use. This setting is only used if swift_store_auth_version is 2.

swift_store_region

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.

Optional. Default: Not set.

A string giving the region of the swift service endpoint to use. This setting is only used if swift_store_auth_version is 2. This setting is especially useful for disambiguation if multiple swift services might appear in a service catalog during authentication.

swift_store_endpoint_type

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.

Optional. Default: publicURL

A string giving the endpoint type of the swift service endpoint to use. This setting is only used if swift_store_auth_version is 2.

swift_store_ssl_compression

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.

Optional. Default: True.

If set to False, disables SSL layer compression of https swift requests. Setting to ‘False’ may improve performance for images which are already in a compressed format, e.g. qcow2. If set to True then compression will be enabled (provided it is supported by the swift proxy).

swift_store_cacert

Can only be specified in configuration files.

Optional. Default: None

A string giving the path to a CA certificate bundle that will allow Glance’s services to perform SSL verification when communicating with Swift.

swift_store_retry_get_count

The number of times a Swift download will be retried before the request fails. Optional. Default: 0

Configuring Multiple Swift Accounts/Stores

In order to not store Swift account credentials in the database, and to have support for multiple accounts (or multiple Swift backing stores), a reference is stored in the database and the corresponding configuration (credentials/ parameters) details are stored in the configuration file. Optional. Default: not enabled.

The location for this file is specified using the swift_store_config_file configuration file in the section [DEFAULT]. If an incorrect value is specified, Glance API Swift store service will not be configured.

swift_store_config_file=PATH

This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.

default_swift_reference=DEFAULT_REFERENCE

Required when multiple Swift accounts/backing stores are configured.

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.

It is the default swift reference that is used to add any new images.

swift_store_auth_insecure

If True, bypass SSL certificate verification for Swift.

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Swift storage backend.

Optional. Default: False

Configuring Swift configuration file

If swift_store_config_file is set, Glance will use information from the file specified under this parameter.

Note

The swift_store_config_file is currently used only for single-tenant Swift store configurations. If you configure a multi-tenant Swift store back end (swift_store_multi_tenant=True), ensure that both swift_store_config_file and default_swift_reference are not set.

The file contains a set of references like:

[ref1]
user = tenant:user1
key = key1
auth_version = 2
auth_address = http://localhost:5000/v2.0

[ref2]
user = project_name:user_name2
key = key2
user_domain_id = default
project_domain_id = default
auth_version = 3
auth_address = http://localhost:5000/v3

A default reference must be configured. Its parameters will be used when creating new images. For example, to specify ref2 as the default reference, add the following value to the [glance_store] section of glance-api.conf file:

default_swift_reference = ref2

In the reference, a user can specify the following parameters:

user

A project_name user_name pair in the project_name:user_name format to authenticate against the Swift authentication service.

key

An authentication key for a user authenticating against the Swift authentication service.

auth_address

An address where the Swift authentication service is located.

auth_version

A version of the authentication service to use. Valid versions are 2 and 3 for Keystone and 1 (deprecated) for Swauth and Rackspace.

Optional. Default: 2

project_domain_id

A domain ID of the project which is the requested project-level authorization scope.

Optional. Default: None

This option can be specified if ``auth_version` is 3 .`

project_domain_name

A domain name of the project which is the requested project-level authorization scope.

Optional. Default: None

This option can be specified if ``auth_version` is 3 .`

user_domain_id

A domain ID of the user which is the requested domain-level authorization scope.

Optional. Default: None

This option can be specified if ``auth_version` is 3 .`

user_domain_name

A domain name of the user which is the requested domain-level authorization scope.

Optional. Default: None

This option can be specified if ``auth_version` is 3. `

Configuring the RBD Storage Backend

Note: the RBD storage backend requires the python bindings for librados and librbd. These are in the python-ceph package on Debian-based distributions.

rbd_store_pool=POOL

Optional. Default: rbd

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the RBD storage backend.

Sets the RADOS pool in which images are stored.

rbd_store_chunk_size=CHUNK_SIZE_MB

Optional. Default: 4

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the RBD storage backend.

Images will be chunked into objects of this size (in megabytes). For best performance, this should be a power of two.

rados_connect_timeout

Optional. Default: 0

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the RBD storage backend.

Prevents glance-api hangups during the connection to RBD. Sets the time to wait (in seconds) for glance-api before closing the connection. Setting rados_connect_timeout<=0 means no timeout.

rbd_store_ceph_conf=PATH

Optional. Default: /etc/ceph/ceph.conf, ~/.ceph/config, and ./ceph.conf

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the RBD storage backend.

Sets the Ceph configuration file to use.

rbd_store_user=NAME

Optional. Default: admin

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the RBD storage backend.

Sets the RADOS user to authenticate as. This is only needed when RADOS authentication is enabled.

A keyring must be set for this user in the Ceph configuration file, e.g. with a user glance:

[client.glance]
keyring=/etc/glance/rbd.keyring

To set up a user named glance with minimal permissions, using a pool called images, run:

rados mkpool images
ceph-authtool --create-keyring /etc/glance/rbd.keyring
ceph-authtool --gen-key --name client.glance --cap mon 'allow r' --cap osd 'allow rwx pool=images' /etc/glance/rbd.keyring
ceph auth add client.glance -i /etc/glance/rbd.keyring

Configuring the Cinder Storage Backend

Note: To create a Cinder volume from an image in this store quickly, additional settings are required. Please see the Volume-backed image documentation for more information.

cinder_catalog_info=<service_type>:<service_name>:<endpoint_type>

Optional. Default: volumev2::publicURL

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Cinder storage backend.

Sets the info to match when looking for cinder in the service catalog. Format is : separated values of the form: <service_type>:<service_name>:<endpoint_type>

cinder_endpoint_template=http://ADDR:PORT/VERSION/%(tenant)s

Optional. Default: None

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Cinder storage backend.

Override service catalog lookup with template for cinder endpoint. %(...)s parts are replaced by the value in the request context. e.g. http://localhost:8776/v2/%(tenant)s

os_region_name=REGION_NAME

Optional. Default: None

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Cinder storage backend.

Region name of this node.

Deprecated. Use cinder_os_region_name instead.

cinder_os_region_name=REGION_NAME

Optional. Default: None

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Cinder storage backend.

Region name of this node. If specified, it is used to locate cinder from the service catalog.

cinder_ca_certificates_file=CA_FILE_PATH

Optional. Default: None

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Cinder storage backend.

Location of ca certificates file to use for cinder client requests.

cinder_http_retries=TIMES

Optional. Default: 3

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Cinder storage backend.

Number of cinderclient retries on failed http calls.

cinder_state_transition_timeout

Optional. Default: 300

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Cinder storage backend.

Time period, in seconds, to wait for a cinder volume transition to complete.

cinder_api_insecure=ON_OFF

Optional. Default: False

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Cinder storage backend.

Allow to perform insecure SSL requests to cinder.

cinder_store_user_name=NAME

Optional. Default: None

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Cinder storage backend.

User name to authenticate against Cinder. If <None>, the user of current context is used.

NOTE: This option is applied only if all of cinder_store_user_name, cinder_store_password, cinder_store_project_name and cinder_store_auth_address are set. These options are useful to put image volumes into the internal service project in order to hide the volume from users, and to make the image sharable among projects.

cinder_store_password=PASSWORD

Optional. Default: None

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Cinder storage backend.

Password for the user authenticating against Cinder. If <None>, the current context auth token is used.

cinder_store_project_name=NAME

Optional. Default: None

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Cinder storage backend.

Project name where the image is stored in Cinder. If <None>, the project in current context is used.

cinder_store_auth_address=URL

Optional. Default: None

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Cinder storage backend.

The address where the Cinder authentication service is listening. If <None>, the cinder endpoint in the service catalog is used.

rootwrap_config=NAME

Optional. Default: /etc/glance/rootwrap.conf

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option is specific to the Cinder storage backend.

Path to the rootwrap configuration file to use for running commands as root.

Configuring multiple Cinder Storage Backend

From Victoria onwards Glance fully supports configuring multiple cinder backends and user/operator will decide which cinder backend to use. While using cinder as a store for glance, operator may configure which volume types to used by setting the enabled_backends configuration option in glance-api.conf. For each of the stores defined in enabled_backends administrator has to set specific volume_type using cinder_volume_type configuration option in its own config section.

NOTE Even in cinder one backend can be associated with multiple volume type(s), glance will support only one store per cinder volume type.

Below are some multiple cinder store configuration examples.

Example 1: Fresh deployment

For example, if cinder has configured 2 volume types fast and slow then glance configuration should look like;:

[DEFAULT]
# list of enabled stores identified by their property group name
enabled_backends = fast:cinder, slow:cinder

# the default store, if not set glance-api service will not start
[glance_store]
default_backend = fast

# conf props for fast store instance
[fast]
rootwrap_config = /etc/glance/rootwrap.conf
cinder_volume_type = glance-fast
description = LVM based cinder store
cinder_catalog_info = volumev2::publicURL
cinder_store_auth_address = http://localhost/identity/v3
cinder_store_user_name = glance
cinder_store_password = admin
cinder_store_project_name = service
# etc..

# conf props for slow store instance
[slow]
rootwrap_config = /etc/glance/rootwrap.conf
cinder_volume_type = glance-slow
description = NFS based cinder store
cinder_catalog_info = volumev2::publicURL
cinder_store_auth_address = http://localhost/identity/v3
cinder_store_user_name = glance
cinder_store_password = admin
cinder_store_project_name = service
# etc..

Example 2: Upgrade from single cinder store to multiple cinder stores, if default_volume_type is set in cinder.conf and cinder_volume_type is also set in glance-api.conf then operator needs to create one store in glance where cinder_volume_type is same as the old glance configuration:

# cinder.conf
The glance administrator has to find out what the default volume-type is
in the cinder installation, so he/she needs to discuss with either cinder
admin or cloud admin to identify default volume-type from cinder and then
explicitly configure that as the value of ``cinder_volume_type``.

Example config before upgrade:

# old configuration in glance
[glance_store]
stores = cinder, file, http
default_store = cinder
cinder_state_transition_timeout = 300
rootwrap_config = /etc/glance/rootwrap.conf
cinder_catalog_info = volumev2::publicURL
cinder_volume_type = glance-old

Example config after upgrade:

# new configuration in glance
[DEFAULT]
enabled_backends = old:cinder, new:cinder

[glance_store]
default_backend = new

[new]
rootwrap_config = /etc/glance/rootwrap.conf
cinder_volume_type = glance-new
description = LVM based cinder store
cinder_catalog_info = volumev2::publicURL
cinder_store_auth_address = http://localhost/identity/v3
cinder_store_user_name = glance
cinder_store_password = admin
cinder_store_project_name = service
# etc..

[old]
rootwrap_config = /etc/glance/rootwrap.conf
cinder_volume_type = glance-old # as per old cinder.conf
description = NFS based cinder store
cinder_catalog_info = volumev2::publicURL
cinder_store_auth_address = http://localhost/identity/v3
cinder_store_user_name = glance
cinder_store_password = admin
cinder_store_project_name = service
# etc..

Example 3: Upgrade from single cinder store to multiple cinder stores, if default_volume_type is not set in cinder.conf neither cinder_volume_type set in glance-api.conf then administrator needs to create one store in glance to replicate exact old configuration:

# cinder.conf
The glance administrator has to find out what the default volume-type is
in the cinder installation, so he/she needs to discuss with either cinder
admin or cloud admin to identify default volume-type from cinder and then
explicitly configure that as the value of ``cinder_volume_type``.

Example config before upgrade:

# old configuration in glance
[glance_store]
stores = cinder, file, http
default_store = cinder
cinder_state_transition_timeout = 300
rootwrap_config = /etc/glance/rootwrap.conf
cinder_catalog_info = volumev2::publicURL

Example config after upgrade:

# new configuration in glance
[DEFAULT]
enabled_backends = old:cinder, new:cinder

[glance_store]
default_backend = new

# cinder store as per old (single store configuration)
[old]
rootwrap_config = /etc/glance/rootwrap.conf
description = LVM based cinder store
cinder_catalog_info = volumev2::publicURL
cinder_store_auth_address = http://localhost/identity/v3
cinder_store_user_name = glance
cinder_store_password = admin
cinder_store_project_name = service
# etc..

[new]
rootwrap_config = /etc/glance/rootwrap.conf
cinder_volume_type = glance-new
description = NFS based cinder store
cinder_catalog_info = volumev2::publicURL
cinder_store_auth_address = http://localhost/identity/v3
cinder_store_user_name = glance
cinder_store_password = admin
cinder_store_project_name = service
# etc..

Example 4: Upgrade from single cinder store to multiple cinder stores, if default_volume_type is set in cinder.conf but cinder_volume_type is not set in glance-api.conf then administrator needs to set cinder_volume_type same as the default_backend set in cinder.conf to one of the store:

# cinder.conf
The glance administrator has to find out what the default volume-type is
in the cinder installation, so he/she needs to discuss with either cinder
admin or cloud admin to identify default volume-type from cinder and then
explicitly configure that as the value of ``cinder_volume_type``.

Example config before upgrade:

# old configuration in glance
[glance_store]
stores = cinder, file, http
default_store = cinder
cinder_state_transition_timeout = 300
rootwrap_config = /etc/glance/rootwrap.conf
cinder_catalog_info = volumev2::publicURL

Example config after upgrade:

# new configuration in glance
[DEFAULT]
enabled_backends = old:cinder,new:cinder

[glance_store]
default_backend = old

[old]
rootwrap_config = /etc/glance/rootwrap.conf
cinder_volume_type = glance-old # as per old cinder.conf
description = LVM based cinder store
cinder_catalog_info = volumev2::publicURL
cinder_store_auth_address = http://localhost/identity/v3
cinder_store_user_name = glance
cinder_store_password = admin
cinder_store_project_name = service
# etc..

[new]
rootwrap_config = /etc/glance/rootwrap.conf
cinder_volume_type = glance-new
description = NFS based cinder store
cinder_catalog_info = volumev2::publicURL
cinder_store_auth_address = http://localhost/identity/v3
cinder_store_user_name = glance
cinder_store_password = admin
cinder_store_project_name = service
# etc..

While upgrading from single cinder stores to multiple single stores, location URLs for legacy images will be changed from cinder://volume-id to cinder://store-name/volume-id.

Note After upgrade from single cinder store to use multiple cinder stores the first image-list or first GET or image-show call for image will take additional time as we will perform the lazy loading operation to update legacy image location url to use new image location urls. Subsequent GET or image-list or image-show calls will perform as they were performing earlier.

Configuring the VMware Storage Backend

vmware_server_host=ADDRESS

Required when using the VMware storage backend.

Can only be specified in configuration files.

Sets the address of the ESX/ESXi or vCenter Server target system. The address can contain an IP (127.0.0.1), an IP and port (127.0.0.1:443), a DNS name (www.my-domain.com) or DNS and port.

This option is specific to the VMware storage backend.

vmware_server_username=USERNAME

Required when using the VMware storage backend.

Can only be specified in configuration files.

Username for authenticating with VMware ESX/ESXi or vCenter Server.

vmware_server_password=PASSWORD

Required when using the VMware storage backend.

Can only be specified in configuration files.

Password for authenticating with VMware ESX/ESXi or vCenter Server.

vmware_datastores

Required when using the VMware storage backend.

This option can only be specified in configuration file and is specific to the VMware storage backend.

vmware_datastores allows administrators to configure multiple datastores to save glance image in the VMware store backend. The required format for the option is: <datacenter_path>:<datastore_name>:<optional_weight>.

where datacenter_path is the inventory path to the datacenter where the datastore is located. An optional weight can be given to specify the priority.

Example:

vmware_datastores = datacenter1:datastore1
vmware_datastores = dc_folder/datacenter2:datastore2:100
vmware_datastores = datacenter1:datastore3:200

NOTE:

  • This option can be specified multiple times to specify multiple datastores.

  • Either vmware_datastore_name or vmware_datastores option must be specified in glance-api.conf

  • Datastore with weight 200 has precedence over datastore with weight 100.

  • If no weight is specified, default weight ‘0’ is associated with it.

  • If two datastores have same weight, the datastore with maximum free space will be chosen to store the image.

  • If the datacenter path or datastore name contains a colon (:) symbol, it must be escaped with a backslash.

vmware_api_retry_count=TIMES

Optional. Default: 10

Can only be specified in configuration files.

The number of times VMware ESX/VC server API must be retried upon connection related issues.

vmware_task_poll_interval=SECONDS

Optional. Default: 5

Can only be specified in configuration files.

The interval used for polling remote tasks invoked on VMware ESX/VC server.

vmware_store_image_dir

Optional. Default: /openstack_glance

Can only be specified in configuration files.

The path to access the folder where the images will be stored in the datastore.

vmware_api_insecure=ON_OFF

Optional. Default: False

Can only be specified in configuration files.

Allow to perform insecure SSL requests to ESX/VC server.

Configuring the S3 Storage Backend

s3_store_host

Can only be specified in configuration files.

The host where the S3 server is listening. This option can contain a DNS name (e.g. s3.amazonaws.com, my-object-storage.com) or an IP address (127.0.0.1).

Example:

s3_store_host = http://s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com
s3_store_host = https://s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com
s3_store_host = http://my-object-storage.com
s3_store_host = https://my-object-storage.com:9000
s3_store_access_key

Can only be specified in configuration files.

Access Key for authenticating with the Amazon S3 or S3 compatible storage server.

s3_store_secret_key

Can only be specified in configuration files.

Secret Key for authenticating with the Amazon S3 or S3 compatible storage server.

s3_store_bucket

Can only be specified in configuration files.

Bucket name where the glance images will be stored in the S3. If s3_store_create_bucket_on_put is set to true, it will be created automatically even if the bucket does not exist.

s3_store_create_bucket_on_put

Optional. Default: False

Can only be specified in configuration files.

Determine whether S3 should create a new bucket. This option takes boolean value to indicate whether or not Glance should create new bucket to S3 if it does not exist.

s3_store_bucket_url_format

Optional. Default: auto

Can only be specified in configuration files.

This option takes access model that is used to specify the address of an object in an S3 bucket. You can set the value from auto, virtual or path.

NOTE:

  • In path-style, the endpoint for the object looks like https://s3.amazonaws.com/bucket/example.img.

  • In virtual-style, the endpoint for the object looks like https://bucket.s3.amazonaws.com/example.img.

  • If you do not follow the DNS naming convention in the bucket name, you can get objects in the path style, but not in the virtual style.

s3_store_large_object_size

Optional. Default: 100

Can only be specified in configuration files.

What size, in MB, should S3 start chunking image files and do a multipart upload in S3.

s3_store_large_object_chunk_size

Optional. Default: 10

Can only be specified in configuration files.

What multipart upload part size, in MB, should S3 use when uploading parts.

s3_store_thread_pools

Optional. Default: 10

Can only be specified in configuration files.

The number of thread pools to perform a multipart upload in S3.

Configuring the Storage Endpoint

swift_store_endpoint=URL

Optional. Default: None

Can only be specified in configuration files.

Overrides the storage URL returned by auth. The URL should include the path up to and excluding the container. The location of an object is obtained by appending the container and object to the configured URL. e.g. https://www.my-domain.com/v1/path_up_to_container

Configuring Glance Image Size Limit

The following configuration option is specified in the glance-api.conf configuration file in the section [DEFAULT].

image_size_cap=SIZE

Optional. Default: 1099511627776 (1 TB)

Maximum image size, in bytes, which can be uploaded through the Glance API server.

IMPORTANT NOTE: this value should only be increased after careful consideration and must be set to a value under 8 EB (9223372036854775808).

Configuring Glance User Storage Quota

The following configuration option is specified in the glance-api.conf configuration file in the section [DEFAULT].

Note

As of the Xena release, Glance supports per-tenant quotas with more granularity than the global limit provided by this option. You may want to enable per-tenant quotas and leave this unset.

user_storage_quota

Optional. Default: 0 (Unlimited).

This value specifies the maximum amount of storage that each user can use across all storage systems. Optionally unit can be specified for the value. Values are accepted in B, KB, MB, GB or TB which are for Bytes, KiloBytes, MegaBytes, GigaBytes and TeraBytes respectively. Default unit is Bytes.

Example values would be,

user_storage_quota=20GB

Configuring Glance Per-Tenant Quotas

Glance can utilize per-tenant resource limits set in Keystone to enforce quotas on users. These limits must be registered with defaults in Keystone, with optional per-tenant overrides, prior to enabling them in Glance. To instruct glance to use limits in Keystone, set [DEFAULT]/use_keystone_limits=True in glance-api.conf.

Configuring the Image Cache

Glance API servers can be configured to have a local image cache. Caching of image files is transparent and happens using a piece of middleware that can optionally be placed in the server application pipeline.

This pipeline is configured in the PasteDeploy configuration file, <component>-paste.ini. You should not generally have to edit this file directly, as it ships with ready-made pipelines for all common deployment flavors.

Enabling the Image Cache Middleware

To enable the image cache middleware, the cache middleware must occur in the application pipeline after the appropriate context middleware.

The cache middleware should be in your glance-api-paste.ini in a section titled [filter:cache]. It should look like this:

[filter:cache]
paste.filter_factory = glance.api.middleware.cache:CacheFilter.factory

A ready-made application pipeline including this filter is defined in the glance-api-paste.ini file, looking like so:

[pipeline:glance-api-caching]
pipeline = versionnegotiation context cache apiv1app

To enable the above application pipeline, in your main glance-api.conf configuration file, select the appropriate deployment flavor like so:

[paste_deploy]
flavor = caching

Enabling the Image Cache Management Middleware

There is an optional cachemanage middleware that allows you to directly interact with cache images. Use this flavor in place of the cache flavor in your API configuration file. There are three types you can chose: cachemanagement, keystone+cachemanagement and trusted-auth+cachemanagement.:

[paste_deploy]
flavor = keystone+cachemanagement

Configuration Options Affecting the Image Cache

Note

These configuration options must be set in both the glance-cache and glance-api configuration files.

One main configuration file option affects the image cache.

image_cache_dir=PATH

Required when image cache middleware is enabled.

Default: /var/lib/glance/image-cache

This is the base directory the image cache can write files to. Make sure the directory is writable by the user running the glance-api server

image_cache_driver=DRIVER

Optional. Choice of sqlite or xattr

Default: sqlite

The default sqlite cache driver has no special dependencies, other than the python-sqlite3 library, which is installed on virtually all operating systems with modern versions of Python. It stores information about the cached files in a SQLite database.

The xattr cache driver required the python-xattr>=0.6.0 library and requires that the filesystem containing image_cache_dir have access times tracked for all files (in other words, the noatime option CANNOT be set for that filesystem). In addition, user_xattr must be set on the filesystem’s description line in fstab. Because of these requirements, the xattr cache driver is not available on Windows.

image_cache_sqlite_db=DB_FILE

Optional.

Default: cache.db

When using the sqlite cache driver, you can set the name of the database that will be used to store the cached images information. The database is always contained in the image_cache_dir.

image_cache_max_size=SIZE

Optional.

Default: 10737418240 (10 GB)

Size, in bytes, that the image cache should be constrained to. Images files are cached automatically in the local image cache, even if the writing of that image file would put the total cache size over this size. The glance-cache-pruner executable is what prunes the image cache to be equal to or less than this value. The glance-cache-pruner executable is designed to be run via cron on a regular basis. See more about this executable in Controlling the Growth of the Image Cache

Configuring Notifications

Glance can optionally generate notifications to be logged or sent to a message queue. The configuration options are specified in the glance-api.conf configuration file.

[oslo_messaging_notifications]/driver

Optional. Default: noop

Sets the notification driver used by oslo.messaging. Options include messaging, messagingv2, log and routing.

NOTE In M release, the``[DEFAULT]/notification_driver`` option has been deprecated in favor of [oslo_messaging_notifications]/driver.

For more information see Glance notifications and oslo.messaging.

[DEFAULT]/disabled_notifications

Optional. Default: []

List of disabled notifications. A notification can be given either as a notification type to disable a single event, or as a notification group prefix to disable all events within a group.

Example: if this config option is set to [“image.create”, “metadef_namespace”], then “image.create” notification will not be sent after image is created and none of the notifications for metadefinition namespaces will be sent.

Configuring Glance Property Protections

Access to image meta properties may be configured using a Property Protections Configuration file. The location for this file can be specified in the glance-api.conf configuration file in the section [DEFAULT]. If an incorrect value is specified, glance API service will not start.

property_protection_file=PATH

Optional. Default: not enabled.

If property_protection_file is set, the file may use either roles or policies to specify property protections.

property_protection_rule_format=<roles|policies>

Optional. Default: roles.

Configuring Glance APIs

The glance-api service implements versions 2 of the OpenStack Images API. Currently there are no options to enable or disable specific API versions.

Configuring Glance Tasks

Glance Tasks are implemented only for version 2 of the OpenStack Images API.

The config value task_time_to_live is used to determine how long a task would be visible to the user after transitioning to either the success or the failure state.

task_time_to_live=<Time_in_hours>

Optional. Default: 48

The config value task_executor is used to determine which executor should be used by the Glance service to process the task. The currently available implementation is: taskflow.

task_executor=<executor_type>

Optional. Default: taskflow

The taskflow engine has its own set of configuration options, under the taskflow_executor section, that can be tuned to improve the task execution process. Among the available options, you may find engine_mode and max_workers. The former allows for selecting an execution model and the available options are serial, parallel and worker-based. The max_workers option, instead, allows for controlling the number of workers that will be instantiated per executor instance.

The default value for the engine_mode is parallel, whereas the default number of max_workers is 10.

Configuring Glance performance profiling

Glance supports using osprofiler to trace the performance of each key internal handling, including RESTful API calling, DB operation and etc.

Please be aware that Glance performance profiling is currently a work in progress feature. Although, some trace points is available, e.g. API execution profiling at wsgi main entry and SQL execution profiling at DB module, the more fine-grained trace point is being worked on.

The config value enabled is used to determine whether fully enable profiling feature for glance-api service.

enabled=<True|False>

Optional. Default: False

There is one more configuration option that needs to be defined to enable Glance services profiling. The config value hmac_keys is used for encrypting context data for performance profiling.

hmac_keys=<secret_key_string>

Optional. Default: SECRET_KEY

IMPORTANT NOTE: in order to make profiling work as designed operator needs to make those values of HMAC key be consistent for all services in their deployment. Without HMAC key the profiling will not be triggered even profiling feature is enabled.

The config value trace_sqlalchemy is used to determine whether fully enable sqlalchemy engine based SQL execution profiling feature for glance-api service.

trace_sqlalchemy=<True|False>

Optional. Default: False

Configuring Glance public endpoint

This setting allows an operator to configure the endpoint URL that will appear in the Glance “versions” response (that is, the response to GET / ). This can be necessary when the Glance API service is run behind a proxy because the default endpoint displayed in the versions response is that of the host actually running the API service. If Glance is being run behind a load balancer, for example, direct access to individual hosts running the Glance API may not be allowed, hence the load balancer URL would be used for this value.

public_endpoint=<None|URL>

Optional. Default: None

Configuring Glance digest algorithm

Digest algorithm that will be used for digital signature. The default is sha256. Use the command:

openssl list-message-digest-algorithms

to get the available algorithms supported by the version of OpenSSL on the platform. Examples are “sha1”, “sha256”, “sha512”, etc. If an invalid digest algorithm is configured, all digital signature operations will fail and return a ValueError exception with “No such digest method” error.

digest_algorithm=<algorithm>

Optional. Default: sha256

Configuring http_keepalive option

http_keepalive=<True|False>

If False, server will return the header “Connection: close”, If True, server will return “Connection: Keep-Alive” in its responses. In order to close the client socket connection explicitly after the response is sent and read successfully by the client, you simply have to set this option to False when you create a wsgi server.

Configuring the Health Check

This setting allows an operator to configure the endpoint URL that will provide information to load balancer if given API endpoint at the node should be available or not. Glance API server can be configured to expose a health check URL.

To enable the health check middleware, it must occur in the beginning of the application pipeline.

The health check middleware should be placed in your glance-api-paste.ini in a section titled [filter:healthcheck]. It should look like this:

[filter:healthcheck]
paste.filter_factory = oslo_middleware:Healthcheck.factory
backends = disable_by_file
disable_by_file_path = /etc/glance/healthcheck_disable

A ready-made application pipeline including this filter is defined e.g. in the glance-api-paste.ini file, looking like so:

[pipeline:glance-api]
pipeline = healthcheck versionnegotiation osprofiler unauthenticated-context rootapp

For more information see oslo.middleware.

Configuring supported disk formats

Each image in Glance has an associated disk format property. When creating an image the user specifies a disk format. They must select a format from the set that the Glance service supports. This supported set can be seen by querying the /v2/schemas/images resource. An operator can add or remove disk formats to the supported set. This is done by setting the disk_formats parameter which is found in the [image_format] section of glance-api.conf.

disk_formats=<Comma separated list of disk formats>

Optional. Default: ami,ari,aki,vhd,vhdx,vmdk,raw,qcow2,vdi,iso,ploop