Use Networking

You can manage OpenStack Networking services by using the service command. For example:

# service neutron-server stop
# service neutron-server status
# service neutron-server start
# service neutron-server restart

Log files are in the /var/log/neutron directory.

Configuration files are in the /etc/neutron directory.

Administrators and projects can use OpenStack Networking to build rich network topologies. Administrators can create network connectivity on behalf of projects.

Core Networking API features

After installing and configuring Networking (neutron), projects and administrators can perform create-read-update-delete (CRUD) API networking operations. This is performed using the Networking API directly with either the neutron command-line interface (CLI) or the openstack CLI. The neutron CLI is a wrapper around the Networking API. Every Networking API call has a corresponding neutron command.

The openstack CLI is a common interface for all OpenStack projects, however, not every API operation has been implemented. For the list of available commands, see Command List.

The neutron CLI includes a number of options. For details, see Create and manage networks.

Basic Networking operations

To learn about advanced capabilities available through the neutron command-line interface (CLI), read the networking section Create and manage networks in the OpenStack End User Guide.

This table shows example openstack commands that enable you to complete basic network operations:

Operation

Command

Creates a network.

$ openstack network create net1

Creates a subnet that is associated with net1.

$ openstack subnet create subnet1 --subnet-range 10.0.0.0/24 --network net1

Lists ports for a specified project.

$ openstack port list

Lists ports for a specified project and displays the ID, Fixed IP Addresses

$ openstack port list -c ID -c "Fixed IP Addresses

Shows information for a specified port.

$ openstack port show PORT_ID

Basic Networking operations

Note

The device_owner field describes who owns the port. A port whose device_owner begins with:

  • network is created by Networking.

  • compute is created by Compute.

Administrative operations

The administrator can run any openstack command on behalf of projects by specifying an Identity project in the command, as follows:

$ openstack network create --project PROJECT_ID NETWORK_NAME

For example:

$ openstack network create --project 5e4bbe24b67a4410bc4d9fae29ec394e net1

Note

To view all project IDs in Identity, run the following command as an Identity service admin user:

$ openstack project list

Advanced Networking operations

This table shows example CLI commands that enable you to complete advanced network operations:

Operation

Command

Creates a network that all projects can use.

$ openstack network create --share public-net

Creates a subnet with a specified gateway IP address.

$ openstack subnet create subnet1 --gateway 10.0.0.254 --network net1

Creates a subnet that has no gateway IP address.

$ openstack subnet create subnet1 --no-gateway --network net1

Creates a subnet with DHCP disabled.

$ openstack subnet create subnet1 --network net1 --no-dhcp

Specifies a set of host routes

$ openstack subnet create subnet1 --network net1 --host-route destination=40.0.1.0/24, gateway=40.0.0.2

Creates a subnet with a specified set of dns name servers.

$ openstack subnet create subnet1 --network net1 --dns-nameserver 8.8.4.4

Displays all ports and IPs allocated on a network.

$ openstack port list --network NET_ID

Advanced Networking operations

Note

During port creation and update, specific extra-dhcp-options can be left blank. For example, router and classless-static-route. This causes dnsmasq to have an empty option in the opts file related to the network. For example:

tag:tag0,option:classless-static-route,
tag:tag0,option:router,

Use Compute with Networking

Basic Compute and Networking operations

This table shows example openstack commands that enable you to complete basic VM networking operations:

Action

Command

Checks available networks.

$ openstack network list

Boots a VM with a single NIC on a selected Networking network.

$ openstack server create --image IMAGE --flavor FLAVOR --nic net-id=NET_ID VM_NAME

Searches for ports with a device_id that matches the Compute instance UUID. See :ref: Create and delete VMs

$ openstack port list --server VM_ID

Searches for ports, but shows only the mac_address of the port.

$ openstack port list -c "MAC Address" --server VM_ID

Temporarily disables a port from sending traffic.

$ openstack port set PORT_ID --disable

Basic Compute and Networking operations

Note

The device_id can also be a logical router ID.

Note

  • When you boot a Compute VM, a port on the network that corresponds to the VM NIC is automatically created and associated with the default security group. You can configure security group rules to enable users to access the VM.

Advanced VM creation operations

This table shows example openstack commands that enable you to complete advanced VM creation operations:

Operation

Command

Boots a VM with multiple NICs.

$ openstack server create --image IMAGE --flavor FLAVOR --nic net-id=NET_ID VM_NAME net-id=NET2-ID VM_NAME

Boots a VM with a specific IP address. Note that you cannot use the --max or --min parameters in this case.

$ openstack server create --image IMAGE --flavor FLAVOR --nic net-id=NET_ID VM_NAME v4-fixed-ip=IP-ADDR VM_NAME

Boots a VM that connects to all networks that are accessible to the project who submits the request (without the --nic option).

$ openstack server create --image IMAGE --flavor FLAVOR

Advanced VM creation operations

Note

Cloud images that distribution vendors offer usually have only one active NIC configured. When you boot with multiple NICs, you must configure additional interfaces on the image or the NICs are not reachable.

The following Debian/Ubuntu-based example shows how to set up the interfaces within the instance in the /etc/network/interfaces file. You must apply this configuration to the image.

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

auto eth1
iface eth1 inet dhcp

Enable ping and SSH on VMs (security groups)

You must configure security group rules depending on the type of plug-in you are using. If you are using a plug-in that:

  • Implements Networking security groups, you can configure security group rules directly by using the openstack security group rule create command. This example enables ping and ssh access to your VMs.

    $ openstack security group rule create --protocol icmp \
  --ingress SECURITY_GROUP

    $ openstack security group rule create --protocol tcp \
  --egress --description "Sample Security Group" SECURITY_GROUP

  • Does not implement Networking security groups, you can configure security group rules by using the openstack security group rule create or euca-authorize command. These openstack commands enable ping and ssh access to your VMs.

    $ openstack security group rule create --protocol icmp default
$ openstack security group rule create --protocol tcp --dst-port 22:22 default

Note

If your plug-in implements Networking security groups, you can also leverage Compute security groups by setting use_neutron = True in the nova.conf file. After you set this option, all Compute security group commands are proxied to Networking.