OpenStack command-line interface cheat sheet

updated: 2019-08-23 18:47
Contents

OpenStack command-line interface cheat sheet

Here is a list of common commands for reference.

Identity (keystone)

List all users

$ openstack user list

List Identity service catalog

$ openstack catalog list

Images (glance)

List images you can access

$ openstack image list

Delete specified image

$ openstack image delete IMAGE

Describe a specific image

$ openstack image show IMAGE

Update image

$ openstack image set IMAGE

Upload kernel image

$ openstack image create "cirros-threepart-kernel" \
  --disk-format aki --container-format aki --public \
  --file ~/images/cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-kernel

Upload RAM image

$ openstack image create "cirros-threepart-ramdisk" \
  --disk-format ari --container-format ari --public \
  --file ~/images/cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-initramfs

Upload three-part image

$ openstack image create "cirros-threepart" --disk-format ami \
  --container-format ami --public \
  --property kernel_id=$KID-property ramdisk_id=$RID \
  --file ~/images/cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-rootfs.img

Register raw image

$ openstack image create "cirros-raw" --disk-format raw \
  --container-format bare --public \
  --file ~/images/cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-disk.img

Compute (nova)

List instances, check status of instance

$ openstack server list

List images

$ openstack image list

Create a flavor named m1.tiny

$ openstack flavor create --ram 512 --disk 1 --vcpus 1 m1.tiny

List flavors

$ openstack flavor list

Boot an instance using flavor and image names (if names are unique)

$ openstack server create --image IMAGE --flavor FLAVOR INSTANCE_NAME
$ openstack server create --image cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-uec --flavor m1.tiny \
  MyFirstInstance

Log in to the instance (from Linux)

Note

The ip command is available only on Linux. Using ip netns provides your environment a copy of the network stack with its own routes, firewall rules, and network devices for better troubleshooting.

# ip netns
# ip netns exec NETNS_NAME ssh USER@SERVER
# ip netns exec qdhcp-6021a3b4-8587-4f9c-8064-0103885dfba2 \
  ssh cirros@10.0.0.2

Note

In CirrOS, the password for user cirros is cubswin:). For any other operating system, use SSH keys.

Log in to the instance with a public IP address (from Mac)

$ ssh cloud-user@128.107.37.150

Show details of instance

$ openstack server show NAME
$ openstack server show MyFirstInstance

View console log of instance

$ openstack console log show MyFirstInstance

Set metadata on an instance

$ nova meta volumeTwoImage set newmeta='my meta data'

Create an instance snapshot

$ openstack image create volumeTwoImage snapshotOfVolumeImage
$ openstack image show snapshotOfVolumeImage

Pause, suspend, stop, rescue, resize, rebuild, reboot an instance

Pause

$ openstack server pause NAME
$ openstack server pause volumeTwoImage

Unpause

$ openstack server unpause NAME

Suspend

$ openstack server suspend NAME

Unsuspend

$ openstack server resume NAME

Stop

$ openstack server stop NAME

Start

$ openstack server start NAME

Rescue

$ openstack server rescue NAME
$ openstack server rescue NAME --rescue_image_ref RESCUE_IMAGE

Resize

$ openstack server resize NAME FLAVOR
$ openstack server resize my-pem-server m1.small
$ openstack server resize --confirm my-pem-server1

Rebuild

$ openstack server rebuild NAME IMAGE
$ openstack server rebuild newtinny cirros-qcow2

Reboot

$ openstack server reboot NAME
$ openstack server reboot newtinny

Inject user data and files into an instance

$ openstack server create --user-data FILE INSTANCE
$ openstack server create --user-data userdata.txt --image cirros-qcow2 \
  --flavor m1.tiny MyUserdataInstance2

To validate that the file was injected, use ssh to connect to the instance, and look in /var/lib/cloud for the file.

Inject a keypair into an instance and access the instance with that keypair

Create keypair

$ openstack keypair create test > test.pem
$ chmod 600 test.pem

Start an instance (boot)

$ openstack server create --image cirros-0.3.5-x86_64 --flavor m1.small \
  --key-name test MyFirstServer

Use ssh to connect to the instance

# ip netns exec qdhcp-98f09f1e-64c4-4301-a897-5067ee6d544f \
  ssh -i test.pem cirros@10.0.0.4

Manage security groups

Add rules to default security group allowing ping and SSH between instances in the default security group

$ openstack security group rule create default \
    --remote-group default --protocol icmp
$ openstack security group rule create default \
    --remote-group default --dst-port 22

Networking (neutron)

Create network

$ openstack network create NETWORK_NAME

Create a subnet

$ openstack subnet create --subnet-pool SUBNET --network NETWORK SUBNET_NAME
$ openstack subnet create --subnet-pool 10.0.0.0/29 --network net1 subnet1

Block Storage (cinder)

Used to manage volumes and volume snapshots that attach to instances.

Create a new volume

$ openstack volume create --size SIZE_IN_GB NAME
$ openstack volume create --size 1 MyFirstVolume

Boot an instance and attach to volume

$ openstack server create --image cirros-qcow2 --flavor m1.tiny MyVolumeInstance

List all volumes, noticing the volume status

$ openstack volume list

Attach a volume to an instance after the instance is active, and the volume is available

$ openstack server add volume INSTANCE_ID VOLUME_ID
$ openstack server add volume MyVolumeInstance 573e024d-5235-49ce-8332-be1576d323f8

Note

On the Xen Hypervisor it is possible to provide a specific device name instead of automatic allocation. For example:

$ openstack server add volume --device /dev/vdb MyVolumeInstance 573e024d..1576d323f8

This is not currently possible when using non-Xen hypervisors with OpenStack.

Manage volumes after login into the instance

List storage devices

# fdisk -l

Make filesystem on volume

# mkfs.ext3 /dev/vdb

Create a mountpoint

# mkdir /myspace

Mount the volume at the mountpoint

# mount /dev/vdb /myspace

Create a file on the volume

# touch /myspace/helloworld.txt
# ls /myspace

Unmount the volume

# umount /myspace

Object Storage (swift)

Display information for the account, container, or object

$ swift stat
$ swift stat ACCOUNT
$ swift stat CONTAINER
$ swift stat OBJECT

List containers

$ swift list
updated: 2019-08-23 18:47
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License

Except where otherwise noted, this document is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. See all OpenStack Legal Documents.

found an error? report a bug questions?