AMQP 1.0 Protocol Driver Deployment Guide¶

Introduction¶

The AMQP 1.0 Protocol Driver is a messaging transport backend supported in oslo.messaging. The driver maps the base oslo.messaging capabilities for RPC and Notification message exchange onto version 1.0 of the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP 1.0, ISO/IEC 19464). The driver is intended to support any messaging intermediary (e.g. broker or router) that implements version 1.0 of the AMQP protocol.

More detail regarding the AMQP 1.0 Protocol is available from the AMQP specification.

More detail regarding the driver’s implementation is available from the oslo specification.

Abstract¶

The AMQP 1.0 driver is one of a family of oslo.messaging backend drivers. It currently supports two types of message intermediaries. The first type is an AMQP 1.0 messaging broker and the second type is an AMQP 1.0 message router. The driver should support additional intermediary types in the future but may require additions to driver configuration parameters in order to do so.

Intermediary Type	RPC Pattern	Notify Pattern	Message Treatment	Topology
Message Router	Yes	Limited	Direct Messaging	Single or Mesh
Message Broker	Yes	Yes	Store and Forward	Single or Cluster

Direct Messaging¶

The RPC messaging pattern is a synchronous exchange between client and server that is temporally bracketed. The direct messaging capabilities provided by the message router are optimal for the RPC messaging pattern.

The driver can readily scale operation from working with a single instances of a message router to working with a large scale routed mesh interconnect topology.

Store and Forward¶

The Notification messaging pattern is an asynchronous exchange from a notifier to a listener (e.g. consumer). The listener need not be present when the notification is sent. Thus, the store and forwarding capabilities provided by the message broker are required for the Notification messaging pattern.

This driver is able to work with a single instance of a message broker or a clustered broker deployment.

It is recommended that the message router intermediary not be used for the Notification messaging pattern due to the consideration that notification messages will be dropped when there is no active consumer. The message router does not provide durability or store-and-forward capabilities for notification messages.

Hybrid Messaging Backends¶

Oslo.messaging provides a mechanism to configure separate backends for RPC and Notification communications. This is supported through the specification of separate RPC and Notification transport urls in the service configuration. This capability enables the optimal alignment of messaging patterns to messaging backend and allows for different messaging backend types to be deployed.

This document provides deployment and configuration information for use of this driver in hybrid messaging configurations.

Addressing¶

A new address syntax was added to the driver to support efficient direct message routing. This new syntax will also work with a broker intermediary backend but is not compatible with the address syntax previously used by the driver. In order to allow backward compatibility, the driver will attempt to identify the intermediary type for the backend in use and will automatically select the ‘legacy’ syntax for broker-based backends or the new ‘routable’ syntax for router-based backends. An address mode configuration option is provided to override this dynamic behavior and force the use of either the legacy or routable address syntax.

Message Acknowledgement¶

A primary functional difference between a router and a broker intermediary type is when message acknowledgement occurs.

The router does not “store” the message hence it does not generate an acknowledgement. Instead the consuming endpoint is responsible for message acknowledgement and the router forwards the acknowledgement back to the sender. This is known as ‘end-to-end’ acknowledgement. In contrast, a broker stores then forwards the message so that message acknowledgement is performed in two stages. In the first stage, a message acknowledgement occurs between the broker and the Sender. In the second stage, an acknowledgement occurs between the Server and the broker.

This difference affects how long the Sender waits for the message transfer to complete.

                                                      +dispatch+
                                                      |  (3)   |
                                                      |        |
                                                      |        v
+--------------+    (1)    +----------+    (2)     +--------------+
|    Client    |---------->|  Router  |----------->|    Server    |
|   (Sender)   |<----------| (Direct) |<-----------|  (Listener)  |
+--------------+    (5)    +----------+    (4)     +--------------+

For example when a router intermediary is used, the following sequence occurs:

The message is sent to the router
The router forwards the message to the Server
The Server dispatches the message to the application
The Server indicates the acknowledgement via the router
The router forwards the acknowledgement to the Sender

In this sequence, a Sender waits for the message acknowledgement until step (5) occurs.

                                                      +dispatch+
                                                      |  (4)   |
                                                      |        |
                                                      |        v
+--------------+    (1)    +----------+    (3)     +--------------+
|    Client    |---------->|  Broker  |----------->|    Server    |
|   (Sender)   |<----------| (Queue)  |<-----------|  (Listener)  |
+--------------+    (2)    +----------+    (5)     +--------------+

And when a broker intermediary is used, the following sequence occurs:

The message is sent to the broker
The broker stores the message and acknowledges the message to the Sender
The broker sends the message to the Server
The Server dispatches the message to the application
The Server indicates the acknowledgement to the broker

In this sequence, a Sender waits for the message acknowledgement until step (2) occurs.

Therefore the broker-based Sender receives the acknowledgement earlier in the transfer than the routed case. However in the brokered case receipt of the acknowledgement does not signify that the message has been (or will ever be) received by the Server.

Batched Notifications Note Well¶

While the use of a router intermediary for oslo.messaging Notification is currently not recommended, it should be noted that the use of a router intermediary with batched notifications may exacerbate the acknowledgement wait time for a Sender.

For example, when a batched notification configuration is used where batch size is set to 100, the Server will wait until 100 notification messages are buffered (or timeout occurs) before dispatching the notifications to the application for message acknowledgement. Since each notifier client can have at most one message outstanding (e.g. pending acknowledgement), then if the total number of notifying clients are less than 100 the batch limit will never be met. This will effectively pause all notifying clients until the batch timeout expires.

Prerequisites¶

Protocol Engine¶

This driver uses the Apache QPID Proton AMQP 1.0 protocol engine. This engine consists of a platform specific library and a python binding. The driver does not directly interface with the engine API, as the API is a very low-level interface to the AMQP protocol. Instead, the driver uses the pure python Pyngus client API, which is layered on top of the protocol engine.

In order to run the driver the Proton Python bindings, Proton library, Proton header files, and Pyngus must be installed.

Source packages for the Pyngus client API are available via PyPI.

Pyngus depends on the Proton Python bindings. Source packages for the Proton Python bindings are also available via PyPI.

Since the AMQP 1.0 driver is an optional extension to Oslo.Messaging these packages are not installed by default. Use the ‘amqp1’ extras tag when installing Oslo.Messaging in order to pull in these extra packages:

$ python -m pip install oslo.messaging[amqp1]

The Proton package includes a C extension that links to the Proton library. The C extension is built locally when the Proton source packages are install from PyPI. In order to build the Proton C source locally, there are a number of tools and libraries that need to be present on the system:

The tools and library necessary for Python C development
The SWIG wrapper generator
The OpenSSL development libraries and headers
The Cyrus SASL development libraries and headers

Note well: Currently the Proton PyPI package only supports building the C extension on Linux systems.

Pre-built packages for both Pyngus and Proton engine are available for various Linux distributions (see packages below). It is recommended to use the pre-built packages if they are available for your platform.

Router Intermediary¶

This driver supports a router intermediary that supports version 1.0 of the AMQP protocol. The direct messaging capabilities provided by this intermediary type are recommended for oslo.messaging RPC.

The driver has been tested with qpid-dispatch-router router in a devstack environment. The version of qpid-dispatch-router must be at least 0.7.0. The qpid-dispatch-router also uses the Proton engine for its AMQP 1.0 support, so the Proton library must be installed on the system hosting the qpid-dispatch-router daemon.

Pre-built packages for the router are available. See packages below.

Broker Intermediary¶

This driver supports a broker intermediary that supports version 1.0 of the AMQP protocol. The store and forward capabilities provided by this intermediary type are recommended for oslo.messaging Notifications.

The driver has been tested with the qpidd broker in a devstack environment. The version of qpidd must be at least 0.34. qpidd also uses the Proton engine for its AMQP 1.0 support, so the Proton library must be installed on the system hosting the qpidd daemon.

Pre-built packages for the broker are available. See packages below.

See the oslo specification for additional information regarding testing done on the driver.

Configuration¶

Transport URL Enable¶

In oslo.messaging, the transport_url parameters define the OpenStack service backends for RPC and Notify. The url is of the form:

transport://user:pass@host1:port[,hostN:portN]/virtual_host

Where the transport value specifies the rpc or notification backend as one of amqp, rabbit, kafka, etc.

To specify and enable the AMQP 1.0 driver for RPC, in the [DEFAULT] section of the service configuration file, specify the transport_url parameter:

[DEFAULT]
transport_url = amqp://username:password@routerhostname:5672

To specify and enable the AMQP 1.0 driver for Notify, in the [NOTIFICATIONS] section of the service configuration file, specify the transport_url parameter:

[NOTIFICATIONS]
transport_url = amqp://username:password@brokerhostname:5672

Note, that if a ‘transport_url’ parameter is not specified in the [NOTIFICATIONS] section, the [DEFAULT] transport_url will be used for both RPC and Notify backends.

Driver Options¶

It is recommended that the default configuration options provided by the AMQP 1.0 driver be used. The configuration options can be modified in the oslo_messaging_amqp section of the service configuration file.

Connection Options¶

Message Send Options¶

Addressing Options¶

SSL Options¶

SASL Options¶

AMQP Generic Options (Note Well)¶

The AMQP 1.0 driver currently does not support the generic amqp options used by pre-1.0 drivers such as amqp_durable_queues or amqp_auto_delete.

qpid-dispatch-router¶

First, verify that the Proton library has been installed and is imported by the qpid-dispatch-router intermediary. This can be checked by running:

$ qdrouterd --help

and looking for references to qpid-dispatch include and config path options in the help text. If no qpid-dispatch information is listed, verify that the Proton libraries are installed and that the version of qdrouterd is greater than or equal to 0.6.0.

Second, configure the address patterns used by the driver. This is done by adding the following to /etc/qpid-dispatch/qdrouterd.conf.

If the legacy syntax for the addressing mode is required, include the following:

address {
    prefix: unicast
    distribution: closest
}

address {
    prefix: exclusive
    distribution: closest
}

address {
    prefix: broadcast
    distribution: multicast
}

For the routable syntax addressing mode, include the following:

address {
    prefix: openstack.org/om/rpc/multicast
    distribution: multicast
}

address {
    prefix: openstack.org/om/rpc/unicast
    distribution: closest
}

address {
    prefix: openstack.org/om/rpc/anycast
    distribution: balanced
}

address {
    prefix: openstack.org/om/notify/multicast
    distribution: multicast
}

address {
    prefix: openstack.org/om/notify/unicast
    distribution: closest
}

address {
    prefix: openstack.org/om/notify/anycast
    distribution: balanced
}

Note well: For any customization of the address mode and syntax used, it is required that the address entity configurations in the 1/etc/qpid-dispatch/qdrouterd.conf`` be updated.

qpidd¶

First, verify that the Proton library has been installed and is imported by the qpidd broker. This can checked by running:

$ qpidd --help

and looking for the AMQP 1.0 options in the help text. If no AMQP 1.0 options are listed, verify that the Proton libraries are installed and that the version of qpidd is greater than or equal to 0.34.

Second, configure the default address patterns used by the driver for a broker-based backend. This is done by adding the following to /etc/qpid/qpidd.conf:

queue-patterns=exclusive
queue-patterns=unicast
topic-patterns=broadcast

These patterns, exclusive, unicast, and broadcast are the legacy addressing values used by the driver. These can be overridden via the driver configuration options if desired (see above). If manually overridden, update the qpidd.conf values to match.

DevStack Support¶

The plugin for the AMQP 1.0 oslo.messaging driver is supported by DevStack. The plugin supports the deployment of several different message bus configurations.

In the [localrc] section of local.conf, the devstack-plugin-amqp1 plugin repository must be enabled. For example:

[[local|localrc]]
enable_plugin amqp1 https://opendev.org/openstack/devstack-plugin-amqp1

Set the username and password variables if needed for the configuration:

AMQP1_USERNAME=queueuser
AMQP1_PASSWORD=queuepassword

The AMQP1_SERVICE variable identifies the message bus configuration that will be used. In addition to the AMQP 1.0 driver being used for both the RPC and Notification messaging communications, a hybrid configuration is supported in the plugin that will deploy AMQP 1.0 for the RPC backend and the oslo_messaging rabbit driver for the Notification backend. Additionally, the plugin supports a setting for a pre-provisioned messaging bus that prevents the plugin from creating the messaging bus. The setting of the AMQP1_SERVICE variable will select which messaging intermediary will be used for the RPC and Notification messaging backends:

AMQP1_SERVICE	RPC Backend	Notify Backend
qpid	qpidd broker	qpidd broker
qpid-dual	qdrouterd router	qpidd broker
qpid-hybrid	qdrouterd router	rabbitmq broker
external	pre-provisioned message bus	pre-provisioned message bus

Platforms and Packages¶

PyPi¶

Packages for Pyngus and the Proton engine are available on PyPI.

RHEL and Fedora¶

Packages exist in EPEL for RHEL/Centos 7 and 8, and Fedora 26+.

The following packages must be installed on the system running the qdrouterd daemon:

qpid-dispatch-router
python-qpid-proton

The following packages must be installed on the system running the qpidd daemon:

qpid-cpp-server (version 0.26+)
qpid-proton-c

The following packages must be installed on the systems running the services that use the new driver:

Proton libraries: qpid-proton-c-devel
Proton python bindings: python-qpid-proton
pyngus (via PyPI)

Debian and Ubuntu¶

Packages for the Proton library, headers, and Python bindings are available in the Debian/Testing repository. Proton packages are not yet available in the Ubuntu repository. The version of qpidd on both platforms is too old and does not support AMQP 1.0.

Until the proper package version arrive the latest packages can be pulled from the Apache Qpid PPA on Launchpad:

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:qpid/released