Using External OAuth 2.0 Authorization Server for Tacker APIs

Note

The content of this document has been confirmed to work using Tacker 2024.2 Dalmatian and Keycloak 26.0.2.

Overview

Sometimes users may use the Client Credentials Grant flow of RFC6749 OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework provided by a third-party authorization server (such as Keycloak) for user authentication. OAuth 2.0 Client Credentials Grant flow is prescribed in the API specification of ETSI NFV-SOL013 v3.4.1.

Tacker uses the Keystonemiddleware to support OAuth 2.0 Client Credentials Grant provided by the external OAuth 2.0 authorization server. In addition, Tacker can also access other OpenStack services that use the external OAuth 2.0 authorization server, using the Client Credentials Grant flow for user authentication.

Preparations

To use external OAuth 2.0 authorization server for Authenticating Tacker API, it is necessary to confirm that the token filter factory external_oauth2_token is supported in the Keystonemiddleware. In this example, the Keycloak server is used as the external OAuth 2.0 authorization server. The $keycloak_host_name is the domain name used by the Keycloak server, and the domain name used by the Tacker server is $tacker_host_name.

Setup External Authorization Server

In this guide, Keycloak server will be configured and started as a docker container by running the script. But the Keycloak server prepared in other way can be used if user attributes mapper is setup properly.

The following is the example for running the script to setup the Keycloak server. Before you run the script you should confirm and note at least user_id, project_id to use in configuring the Keycloak.

$ openstack user show nfv_user
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field               | Value                            |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| default_project_id  | None                             |
| domain_id           | default                          |
| email               | None                             |
| enabled             | True                             |
| id                  | 35c884d8a6544d38abce33c0003c8331 |
| name                | nfv_user                         |
| description         | None                             |
| password_expires_at | None                             |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
$ openstack project show nfv
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description |                                  |
| domain_id   | default                          |
| enabled     | True                             |
| id          | ce5b19a933354bdf87ac6d698494ad47 |
| is_domain   | False                            |
| name        | nfv                              |
| options     | {}                               |
| parent_id   | default                          |
| tags        | []                               |
+-------------+----------------------------------+

After confirming the required information, run the script file to start Keycloak server. The script is interactive and will ask required information to configure Keycloak server. And lastly it will output information required to configure the Tacker server to use started Keycloak server as authorization server and curl command to test token endpoint.

Currently, the script and Tacker APIs supports the following 5 Client Credentials Grant flows:

  • client_secret_post

  • client_secret_basic

  • private_key_jwt

  • client_secret_jwt

  • tls_client_auth

In this guide, the client_secret_basic client will be used as for an example to try external authentication.

Note

You can see help by using -h or --help option. And you can generate only Keycloak configuration and realm json only without actually starting the Keycloak server by providing -n or --no-server option.

$ cd TACKER_ROOT/doc/tools/ext_oauth2_server
$ bash ./gen_keycloak.sh
Select the client credential grant flow type for keycloak server :
1. client_secret_post
2. client_secret_basic
3. private_key_jwt
4. client_secret_jwt
5. tls_client_auth
Enter your choice (1-5): 2
You selected: client_secret_basic
-------------------------

Enable Oauth2 certificate-bounded token? (y/n) [default:n] :
Oauth2 certificate-bounded token is disabled
-------------------------

Set auth type to client secret basic.
-------------------------

Enter OS username[default:nfv_user]:
Successfully set OS username with nfv_user
-------------------------

Enter OS user id: 35c884d8a6544d38abce33c0003c8331
Successfully set OS user id with 35c884d8a6544d38abce33c0003c8331
-------------------------

Enter OS user domain id[default:default]:
Successfully set OS user domain id with default
-------------------------

Enter OS user domain name[default:Default]:
Successfully set OS user domain name with default
-------------------------

Enter OS project name[default:nfv]:
Successfully set OS project name with nfv
-------------------------

Enter OS project id: ce5b19a933354bdf87ac6d698494ad47
Successfully set OS Project id with ce5b19a933354bdf87ac6d698494ad47
-------------------------

Enter OS project domain id[default:default]:
Successfully set OS project domain id with default
-------------------------

Enter OS project domain name[default:Default]:
Successfully set OS project domain name with default
-------------------------

Enter OS user roles[default:admin,member,reader]:
Successfully set OS user roles with 'admin,member,reader'
-------------------------

Generating Certificate
Certificate files already exist.
Overwrite? (y/n) [default:n]:
Existing file will be used
-------------------------

Creating Keycloak config
-------------------------

Starting Keycloak Server

keycloak
keycloak
64e2422c88cabfae6cb65a87f167a32bd73382bd4c9693e4af9ee23a4264aebc
Waiting Keycloak Server to start...[\]
Keycloak server is started successfully.
###################################
HTTP endpoint           : http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm/protocol/openid-connect/token
HTTPS endpoint          : https://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_https_port/realms/testrealm/protocol/openid-connect/token
client_id               : tacker_service, tacker_api_proj, tacker_api_domain
client_secret           : iIK6lARLzJgoQQyMyoymNYrGTDuR0733S
scope                   : project_scope, domain_scope
* If you want to use other Keycloak server, import this realm.json
realm JSON file         : SCRIPT_PATH/etc/keycloak/conf/base_realm.json
* Use the following keys and certificates for Tacker and client
RootCA certificate      : SCRIPT_PATH/etc/ssl/localcerts/ca.pem
Tacker certificate      : SCRIPT_PATH/etc/ssl/localcerts/tacker.pem
Tacker key              : SCRIPT_PATH/etc/ssl/localcerts/tacker.key
client certificate      : SCRIPT_PATH/etc/ssl/localcerts/client.pem
client key              : SCRIPT_PATH/etc/ssl/localcerts/client.pem
------------------------------------
You can try getting a token using following command

curl -s -X POST http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm/protocol/openid-connect/token \
-d 'scope=tacker_scope' -d 'client_id=tacker_service' -d 'grant_type=client_credentials' \
-u 'tacker_service:iIK6lARLzJgoQQyMyoymNYrGTDuR0733S'
###################################

After running the script, Keycloak server will start running. In order to confirm the server is you can try getting token by using the command from the output of the script as follow.

$ curl -s -X POST http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm/protocol/openid-connect/token \
-d 'scope=tacker_scope' -d 'client_id=tacker_service' -d 'grant_type=client_credentials' \
-u 'tacker_service:iIK6lARLzJgoQQyMyoymNYrGTDuR0733S'

{"access_token":"$access_token","expires_in":300,"refresh_expires_in":0,
"token_type":"Bearer","not-before-policy":0,"scope":""}

You can reference the user attributes mapping setting of the scopes and other settings like each client details by accessing http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/admin/master/console/#/testrealm after starting the keycloak server. The realm json file can also be found in {SCRIPT_PATH}/etc/keycloak/conf/base_realm.json as you can see in output of the script.

The Keycloak server that is configured and started by using the script has three clients preconfigured. One of them is prepared for Tacker and the other two are prepared for users.

Name

Description

Where it is used

How to use

tacker_service

A client for Tacker to call the OAuth2.0 token introspection API in Keycloak

Tacker -> Keycloak

Write credentials to tacker.conf

tacker_api_proj

A client for users to call Tacker API with project scoped access token

User -> Tacker

Write mapping rules in tacker.conf and set credentials in requests to obtain access token from Keycloak

tacker_api_domain

A client for users to call Tacker API with domain scoped access token

User -> Tacker

Write mapping rules in tacker.conf and set credentials in requests to obtain access token from Keycloak

The tacker_service client is used by Tacker to perform OAuth2.0 token introspection. For this to happen, you need to write the client’s credentials to tacker.conf.

The tacker_api_proj and tacker_api_domain can be used to call Tacker API. You can choose one of them depending on the scope of the token you need. The tacker_api_proj will obtain the project scoped token that is privileged to access resources in a specific project whereas tacker_api_domain will obtain the domain scoped token that is privileged to access resources in a specific domain (c.f., project details and domain details). You also need to write correct mapping rules described later to tacker.conf so Tacker can correctly obtain user attributes, such as project_id, project_name, etc., from access token for subsequent processes.

In this guide, the tacker_api_proj client will be used as for an example.

Note

If you want to configure those clients manually, please note that if project’s id and name claims exist in a token, Keystonemiddleware will authorize a client for a specific project, otherwise, a client will be authorized for the project domain. You can find the configured claims in Mappers tab of Client scope page in the Keycloak dashboard.

Guide

To use external OAuth 2.0 authorization server for Tacker, you should configure the Tacker server and the Keystonemiddleware in the following steps.

Enable To Use External OAuth 2.0 Authorization Server

To authenticate API requests using external OAuth 2.0 authorization server, you have to configure the Keystonemiddleware which accepts API calls from clients and verifies a client’s identity. For detail, see Middleware Architecture.

  1. Add keystonemiddleware.external_oauth2_token:filter_factory to the configuration file api-paste.ini to enable external OAuth 2.0 authorization Server authentication.

    $ vi /etc/tacker/api-paste.ini
[composite:tackerapi_v1_0]
#keystone = request_id catch_errors authtoken keystonecontext extensions tackerapiapp_v1_0
keystone = request_id catch_errors external_oauth2_token keystonecontext extensions tackerapiapp_v1_0

[composite:vnfpkgmapi_v1]
#keystone = request_id catch_errors authtoken keystonecontext vnfpkgmapp_v1
keystone = request_id catch_errors external_oauth2_token keystonecontext vnfpkgmapp_v1

[composite:vnflcm_v1]
#keystone = request_id catch_errors authtoken keystonecontext vnflcmaapp_v1
keystone = request_id catch_errors external_oauth2_token keystonecontext vnflcmaapp_v1

[composite:vnflcm_v2]
#keystone = request_id catch_errors authtoken keystonecontext vnflcmaapp_v2
keystone = request_id catch_errors external_oauth2_token keystonecontext vnflcmaapp_v2

[composite:vnfpm_v2]
#keystone = request_id catch_errors authtoken keystonecontext vnfpmaapp_v2
keystone = request_id catch_errors external_oauth2_token keystonecontext vnfpmaapp_v2

[composite:vnflcm_versions]
#keystone = request_id catch_errors authtoken keystonecontext vnflcm_api_versions
keystone = request_id catch_errors external_oauth2_token keystonecontext vnflcm_api_versions

[composite:vnffm_v1]
#keystone = request_id catch_errors authtoken keystonecontext vnffmaapp_v1
keystone = request_id catch_errors external_oauth2_token keystonecontext vnffmaapp_v1

[filter:external_oauth2_token]
paste.filter_factory = keystonemiddleware.external_oauth2_token:filter_factory

  2. Modify the configuration file tacker.conf to enable Keystonemiddleware to use the external OAuth 2.0 authorization server to verify the token and enable Tacker to get an access token from the external OAuth 2.0 authorization server to access other OpenStack services.

    As described before, you need to change tacker.conf as follows:

    1. Write credentials of tacker_service client

    2. Write mapping rules for tacker_api_proj client

    You can use the following sample configuration to use keycloak server started above section.

    [DEFAULT]
use_ssl=False

[ext_oauth2_auth]
use_ext_oauth2_auth=True
token_endpoint=http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm/protocol/openid-connect/token
scope=tacker_scope
introspect_endpoint=http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm/protocol/openid-connect/token/introspect
audience=http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm
auth_method=client_secret_basic
client_id=tacker_service
client_secret=iIK6lARLzJgoQQyMyoymNYrGTDuR0733S
insecure=True
thumbprint_verify=False
mapping_project_id=project_info.id
mapping_project_name=project_info.name
mapping_project_domain_id=project_info.domain.id
mapping_project_domain_name=project_info.domain.name
mapping_user_id=user.id
mapping_user_name=user.name
mapping_user_domain_id=user.domain.id
mapping_user_domain_name=user.domain.name
mapping_roles=role_info

    Note

    If you just want to try external authentication with Tacker, you can skip the rest part of this step and go to Verify Access to Tacker APIs.

    If you want to configure Tacker for your specific use case, you need to change the above parameters appropriately. For example, if the external OAuth 2.0 authorization server requires HTTPS communication, you need to specify the CA certificate to the config parameters cafile to verify the external OAuth 2.0 authorization server’s certificate. If the config parameter insecure is set to True, the CA certificate specified by the config parameter cafile is not used for verification.

    If the external OAuth 2.0 authorization server requires mTLS communication, you need to configure the config parameters certfile, keyfile and cafile.

    Note

    In this guide, HTTP is used in all examples except for tls_client_auth because mTLS is necessary in tls_client_auth authentication method. In production environment, using HTTPS is highly recommended for security.

    If you need to enable Tacker server to use mTLS communication, you must set the config parameter use_ssl to True and you need to configure the config parameters ssl_cert_file, ssl_key_file and ssl_ca_file. For details about setting up HTTPS or mTLS in Tacker, You can refer to the Configuring HTTPS/mTLS for Tacker APIs.

    If the config parameter thumbprint_verify is set to True, the token will be verified against the client certificate that used to obtain access token. So, to access Tacker APIs, you need to use the same client certificate that is used to obtain access token from the external OAuth 2.0 authorization server. It is also necessary to ensure that the external OAuth 2.0 authorization server is configured to include the client certificate thumbprint information in access token. For the claim used to store the thumbprint of the client certificate cnf/x5t#S256, see the subsequent samples.

    In order to enable Tacker to able to obtain user information, such as Project ID, User ID, Roles, etc., it is necessary to set the config parameters that starts with mapping_ and ensure that all access tokens contain data that conforms to the specified format.

    If the config parameter use_ext_oauth2_auth is set to True, Tacker APIs will obtain an access token from the external OAuth 2.0 authorization server and then access other OpenStack services such as Barbican. If the config parameter use_ext_oauth2_auth is set to False, Tacker APIs will keep the original logic, get an x-auth-token from the Keystone identity server, and then access the other OpenStack services.

    The following parts is the sample configurations for each method.

    • client_secret_post:

      This is sample configuration of client_secret_post authentication method:

      [DEFAULT]
use_ssl=False

[ext_oauth2_auth]
use_ext_oauth2_auth=True
token_endpoint=http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm/protocol/openid-connect/token
scope=tacker_scope
introspect_endpoint=http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm/protocol/openid-connect/token/introspect
audience=http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm
auth_method=client_secret_post
client_id=tacker_service
client_secret=iIK6lARLzJgoQQyMyoymNYrGTDuR0733S
insecure=True
thumbprint_verify=False
mapping_project_id=project_info.id
mapping_project_name=project_info.name
mapping_project_domain_id=project_info.domain.id
mapping_project_domain_name=project_info.domain.name
mapping_user_id=user.id
mapping_user_name=user.name
mapping_user_domain_id=user.domain.id
mapping_user_domain_name=user.domain.name
mapping_roles=role_info
    • private_key_jwt:

      This is sample configuration of private_key_jwt authentication method:

      Note

      When getting token in private_key_jwt and client_secret_jwt, the client_assertion of the request body is signed JWT that is locally created and consists of the claims like iss, aud, etc. The detailed format and claims can be referenced in openid-connect 1.0 core specs and RFC7523, and how to create, encrypt and sign JWT in RFC7519.

      [DEFAULT]
use_ssl=False

[ext_oauth2_auth]
use_ext_oauth2_auth=True
token_endpoint=http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm/protocol/openid-connect/token
scope=tacker_scope
introspect_endpoint=http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm/protocol/openid-connect/token/introspect
audience=http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm
auth_method=private_key_jwt
client_id=tacker_service
jwt_key_file=/etc/tacker/private_key.pem
jwt_algorithm=RS256
jwt_bearer_time_out=7200
insecure=True
thumbprint_verify=False
mapping_project_id=project_info.id
mapping_project_name=project_info.name
mapping_project_domain_id=project_info.domain.id
mapping_project_domain_name=project_info.domain.name
mapping_user_id=user.id
mapping_user_name=user.name
mapping_user_domain_id=user.domain.id
mapping_user_domain_name=user.domain.name
mapping_roles=role_info
    • client_secret_jwt:

      This sample configuration of client_secret_jwt authentication method:

      [DEFAULT]
use_ssl=False

[ext_oauth2_auth]
use_ext_oauth2_auth=True
token_endpoint=http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm/protocol/openid-connect/token
scope=tacker_scope
introspect_endpoint=http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm/protocol/openid-connect/token/introspect
audience=http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm
auth_method=client_secret_jwt
client_id=tacker_service
client_secret=iIK6lARLzJgoQQyMyoymNYrGTDuR0733S
jwt_algorithm=HS512
jwt_bearer_time_out=7200
insecure=True
thumbprint_verify=False
mapping_project_id=project_info.id
mapping_project_name=project_info.name
mapping_project_domain_id=project_info.domain.id
mapping_project_domain_name=project_info.domain.name
mapping_user_id=user.id
mapping_user_name=user.name
mapping_user_domain_id=user.domain.id
mapping_user_domain_name=user.domain.name
mapping_roles=role_info
    • tls_client_auth:

      This sample configuration of tls_client_auth authentication method:

      Note

      Unlike mTLS is optional in the other authentication methods, mTLS is necessary when tls_client_auth is being used for authentication.

      [DEFAULT]
use_ssl=True
ssl_ca_file=/etc/tacker/multi_ca.pem
ssl_cert_file=/etc/tacker/tacker_api.pem
ssl_key_file=/etc/tacker/tacker_api.key

[ext_oauth2_auth]
use_ext_oauth2_auth=True
token_endpoint=https://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_https_port/realms/testrealm/protocol/openid-connect/token
scope=tacker_scope
introspect_endpoint=https://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_https_port/realms/testrealm/protocol/openid-connect/token/introspect
audience=https://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_https_port/realms/testrealm
auth_method=tls_client_auth
client_id=tacker_service
certfile=/etc/tacker/tacker_client.pem
keyfile=/etc/tacker/tacker_client.key
cafile=/etc/tacker/ca.pem
insecure=False
thumbprint_verify=True
mapping_project_id=project_info.id
mapping_project_name=project_info.name
mapping_project_domain_id=project_info.domain.id
mapping_project_domain_name=project_info.domain.name
mapping_user_id=user.id
mapping_user_name=user.name
mapping_user_domain_id=user.domain.id
mapping_user_domain_name=user.domain.name
mapping_roles=role_info

  3. Restart Tacker service so that the modified configuration information takes effect.

    $ sudo systemctl restart devstack@tacker.service
$ sudo systemctl restart devstack@tacker-conductor.service

Verify Access to Tacker APIs

Access to the Tacker APIs with the OAuth 2.0 access token to verify that OAuth 2.0 Client Credentials Grant flow works correctly.

Using different external OAuth 2.0 authorization servers will need different methods of obtaining access tokens. The following examples are only applicable to scenarios where Keycloak is used as the external authorization server.

There are three steps to verify access to Tacker APIs using Keycloak as external OAuth 2.0 Authentication server:

  1. Execute the Get token API (/realms/{realm_name}/protocol/openid-connect/token) provided by Keycloak.

  2. Execute the Tacker APIs using the access token obtained from Keycloak. For example, List VIM API (/v1.0/vims) provided by Tacker is used in this document.

  3. Check the access token of the introspect API provided by Keycloak from the Tacker server logs.

The requests for the verification are different depending on the authentication methods. As Keycloak is configured to use client_secret_basic in this guide, you can use the following example.

$ curl -i -X POST http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm/protocol/openid-connect/token \
-u "tacker_api_proj:iIK6lARLzJgoQQyMyoymNYrGTDuR0733S" \
-d "scope=project_scope" -d "grant_type=client_credentials"
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-store
Pragma: no-cache
content-length: 1773
Content-Type: application/json
Referrer-Policy: no-referrer
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block

{"access_token":"$access_token","expires_in":300,"refresh_expires_in":0,
"token_type":"Bearer","not-before-policy":0,"scope":"email profile"}


$ curl -i -X GET http://$tacker_host_name:9890/v1.0/vims \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $access_token"
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 743
X-Openstack-Request-Id: req-2f954ee7-e6fd-4d53-ac31-bf8c7d9245d7
Date: Tue, 17 Dec 2024 06:27:24 GMT

{"vims": [{"id": "a99189da-bf72-4af7-884c-36d157f00571",
"type": "openstack", "tenant_id": "2cc02f60acf34fdda7bc5e9af9a7032b",
"name": "openstack", "description": "", "placement_attr": {
"regions": ["RegionOne"]}, "is_default": true,
"created_at": "2024-11-07 02:04:46", "updated_at": "2024-11-07 02:10:18",
"extra": {}, "auth_url": "http://192.168.56.11/identity/v3",
"vim_project": {"name": "admin", "project_domain_name": "default"},
"auth_cred": {"username": "admin", "user_domain_name": "default",
"cert_verify": "True", "project_id": null, "project_name": "admin",
"project_domain_name": "default", "auth_url": "http://192.168.56.11/identity/v3",
"key_type": "barbican_key", "secret_uuid": "***", "password": "***"}, "status": "ACTIVE"}]}

$ tail -f /opt/stack/log/tacker-server.log
Dec 17 05:45:25 controller-tacker tacker-server[835]:
DEBUG keystonemiddleware.external_oauth2_token [-] The introspect API response: {
'exp': 1734414535, 'iat': 1734414235, 'jti': '49458c8f-507d-4d08-a81f-c3a6ee484190',
'iss': 'http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm', 'aud': 'account', 'sub': '7d3e5929-4bbe-4ef4-90e3-8fd4b445ed7f',
'typ': 'Bearer', 'azp': 'tacker_api_proj', 'acr': '1', 'allowed-origins': ['/*'],
'realm_access': {'roles': ['offline_access', 'uma_authorization', 'default-roles-testrealm']},
'resource_access': {'account': {'roles': ['manage-account', 'manage-account-links', 'view-profile']}},
'scope': 'email profile', 'email_verified': False, 'role_info': 'admin,member,reader',
'preferred_username': 'service-account-tacker_api_proj', 'user': {'domain': {'name': 'default', 'id': 'default'},
'name': 'nfv_user', 'id': '35c884d8a6544d38abce33c0003c8331'}, 'project_info': {'domain': {'id': 'default', 'name': 'Default'},
'id': 'ce5b19a933354bdf87ac6d698494ad47', 'name': 'nfv'}, 'client_id': 'tacker_api_proj',
'username': 'service-account-tacker_api_proj', 'token_type': 'Bearer', 'active': True}
{{(pid=835) _fetch_token /opt/stack/data/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/keystonemiddleware/external_oauth2_token.py:731}}

If you configure Keycloak with another authentication method, please see examples below.

  • client_secret_post:

    $ curl -i -X POST http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm/protocol/openid-connect/token \
-d "client_id=tacker_api_proj" -d "client_secret=iIK6lARLzJgoQQyMyoymNYrGTDuR0733S" \
-d "scope=project_scope" -d "grant_type=client_credentials"
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-store
Pragma: no-cache
content-length: 1773
Content-Type: application/json
Referrer-Policy: no-referrer
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block

{"access_token":"$access_token","expires_in":300,"refresh_expires_in":0,
"token_type":"Bearer","not-before-policy":0,"scope":"email profile"}

$ curl -i -X GET http://$tacker_host_name:9890/v1.0/vims \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $access_token"
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 743
X-Openstack-Request-Id: req-2cb42224-8293-4deb-b772-9aeff5354922
Date: Fri, 06 Dec 2024 08:56:38 GMT

{"vims": [{"id": "a99189da-bf72-4af7-884c-36d157f00571",
"type": "openstack", "tenant_id": "2cc02f60acf34fdda7bc5e9af9a7032b",
"name": "openstack", "description": "", "placement_attr": {
"regions": ["RegionOne"]}, "is_default": true,
"created_at": "2024-11-07 02:04:46", "updated_at": "2024-11-07 02:10:18",
"extra": {}, "auth_url": "http://192.168.56.11/identity/v3",
"vim_project": {"name": "admin", "project_domain_name": "default"},
"auth_cred": {"username": "admin", "user_domain_name": "default",
"cert_verify": "True", "project_id": null, "project_name": "admin",
"project_domain_name": "default", "auth_url": "http://192.168.56.11/identity/v3",
"key_type": "barbican_key", "secret_uuid": "***", "password": "***"}, "status": "ACTIVE"}]}

$ tail -f /opt/stack/log/tacker-server.log
Dec 06 08:56:38 controller-tacker tacker-server[20354]:
DEBUG keystonemiddleware.external_oauth2_token [-] The introspect API response: {
'exp': 1733475612, 'iat': 1733475312, 'jti': '946ef21c-17c2-4416-ac6a-37d9ef9f5739',
'iss': 'http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm', 'aud': 'account', 'sub': '7d3e5929-4bbe-4ef4-90e3-8fd4b445ed7f',
'typ': 'Bearer', 'azp': 'tacker_api_proj', 'acr': '1', 'allowed-origins': ['/*'],
'realm_access': {'roles': ['offline_access', 'uma_authorization', 'default-roles-testrealm']},
'resource_access': {'account': {'roles': ['manage-account', 'manage-account-links', 'view-profile']}},
'scope': 'email profile', 'email_verified': False, 'role_info': 'admin,member,reader',
'preferred_username': 'service-account-tacker_api_proj', 'user': {'domain': {'name': 'default', 'id': 'default'},
'name': 'nfv_user', 'id': '35c884d8a6544d38abce33c0003c8331'}, 'project_info': {'domain': {
'id': 'default', 'name': 'Default'}, 'id': 'ce5b19a933354bdf87ac6d698494ad47', 'name': 'nfv'},
'client_id': 'tacker_api_proj', 'username': 'service-account-tacker_api_proj', 'token_type': 'Bearer', 'active': True}
{{(pid=20354) _fetch_token /opt/stack/data/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/keystonemiddleware/external_oauth2_token.py:731}}

  • private_key_jwt:

    $ curl -i -X POST http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm/protocol/openid-connect/token \
-d "client_id=tacker_api_proj" -d "scope=project_scope" -d "grant_type=client_credentials" \
-d "client_assertion_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:client-assertion-type:jwt-bearer" \
-d "client_assertion=$client_assertion"
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-store
Pragma: no-cache
content-length: 1774
Content-Type: application/json
Referrer-Policy: no-referrer
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block

{"access_token":"$access_token","expires_in":300,"refresh_expires_in":0,
"token_type":"Bearer","not-before-policy":0,"scope":"email profile"}

$ curl -i -X GET http://$tacker_host_name:9890/v1.0/vims \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $access_token"
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 743
X-Openstack-Request-Id: req-b4c07ca6-49c8-4c12-be51-248c507183b9
Date: Fri, 06 Dec 2024 09:15:07 GMT

{"vims": [{"id": "a99189da-bf72-4af7-884c-36d157f00571",
"type": "openstack", "tenant_id": "2cc02f60acf34fdda7bc5e9af9a7032b",
"name": "openstack", "description": "", "placement_attr": {
"regions": ["RegionOne"]}, "is_default": true,
"created_at": "2024-11-07 02:04:46", "updated_at": "2024-11-07 02:10:18",
"extra": {}, "auth_url": "http://192.168.56.11/identity/v3",
"vim_project": {"name": "admin", "project_domain_name": "default"},
"auth_cred": {"username": "admin", "user_domain_name": "default",
"cert_verify": "True", "project_id": null, "project_name": "admin",
"project_domain_name": "default", "auth_url": "http://192.168.56.11/identity/v3",
"key_type": "barbican_key", "secret_uuid": "***", "password": "***"}, "status": "ACTIVE"}]}

$ tail -f /opt/stack/log/tacker-server.log
Dec 06 09:15:07 controller-tacker tacker-server[21835]:
DEBUG keystonemiddleware.external_oauth2_token [-] The introspect API response: {
'exp': 1733476670, 'iat': 1733476370, 'jti': '8c9cf64f-f0f3-4d74-8b15-a6bda7036f07',
'iss': 'http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm', 'aud': 'account', 'sub': '7d3e5929-4bbe-4ef4-90e3-8fd4b445ed7f',
'typ': 'Bearer', 'azp': 'tacker_api_proj', 'acr': '1', 'allowed-origins': ['/*'], 'realm_access': {
'roles': ['offline_access', 'uma_authorization', 'default-roles-testrealm']}, 'resource_access': {'account': {
'roles': ['manage-account', 'manage-account-links', 'view-profile']}}, 'scope': 'email profile',
'email_verified': False, 'role_info': 'admin,member,reader', 'preferred_username': 'service-account-tacker_api_proj',
'user': {'domain': {'name': 'default', 'id': 'default'}, 'name': 'nfv_user', 'id': '35c884d8a6544d38abce33c0003c8331'},
'project_info': {'domain': {'id': 'default', 'name': 'Default'}, 'id': 'ce5b19a933354bdf87ac6d698494ad47', 'name': 'nfv'},
'client_id': 'tacker_api_proj', 'username': 'service-account-tacker_api_proj', 'token_type': 'Bearer', 'active': True}
{{(pid=21835) _fetch_token /opt/stack/data/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/keystonemiddleware/external_oauth2_token.py:731}}

  • client_secret_jwt:

    $ curl -i -X POST http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_https_port/realms/testrealm/protocol/openid-connect/token \
-d "client_id=tacker_api_proj" -d "scope=project_scope" -d "grant_type=client_credentials" \
-d "client_assertion_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:client-assertion-type:jwt-bearer" \
-d "client_assertion=$client_assertion"
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-store
Pragma: no-cache
content-length: 1774
Content-Type: application/json
Referrer-Policy: no-referrer
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block

{"access_token":"$access_token","expires_in":300,"refresh_expires_in":0,
"token_type":"Bearer","not-before-policy":0,"scope":"email profile"}

$ curl -i -X GET http://$tacker_host_name:9890/v1.0/vims \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $access_token"
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 743
X-Openstack-Request-Id: req-4c2e2c76-672e-4517-ac2e-0a79a48b9122
Date: Fri, 06 Dec 2024 09:28:24 GMT

{"vims": [{"id": "a99189da-bf72-4af7-884c-36d157f00571",
"type": "openstack", "tenant_id": "2cc02f60acf34fdda7bc5e9af9a7032b",
"name": "openstack", "description": "", "placement_attr": {
"regions": ["RegionOne"]}, "is_default": true,
"created_at": "2024-11-07 02:04:46", "updated_at": "2024-11-07 02:10:18",
"extra": {}, "auth_url": "http://192.168.56.11/identity/v3",
"vim_project": {"name": "admin", "project_domain_name": "default"},
"auth_cred": {"username": "admin", "user_domain_name": "default",
"cert_verify": "True", "project_id": null, "project_name": "admin",
"project_domain_name": "default", "auth_url": "http://192.168.56.11/identity/v3",
"key_type": "barbican_key", "secret_uuid": "***", "password": "***"}, "status": "ACTIVE"}]}

$ tail -f /opt/stack/log/tacker-server.log
Dec 06 09:28:23 controller-tacker tacker-server[22701]:
DEBUG keystonemiddleware.external_oauth2_token [-] The introspect API response: {
'exp': 1733477523, 'iat': 1733477223, 'jti': '7c07a9ac-3af8-44c7-a243-f2faed10cac0',
'iss': 'http://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_http_port/realms/testrealm', 'aud': 'account', 'sub': '7d3e5929-4bbe-4ef4-90e3-8fd4b445ed7f',
'typ': 'Bearer', 'azp': 'tacker_api_proj', 'acr': '1', 'allowed-origins': ['/*'], 'realm_access': {
'roles': ['offline_access', 'uma_authorization', 'default-roles-testrealm']}, 'resource_access': {'account': {
'roles': ['manage-account', 'manage-account-links', 'view-profile']}}, 'scope': 'email profile',
'email_verified': False, 'role_info': 'admin,member,reader', 'preferred_username': 'service-account-tacker_api_proj',
'user': {'domain': {'name': 'default', 'id': 'default'}, 'name': 'nfv_user', 'id': '35c884d8a6544d38abce33c0003c8331'},
'project_info': {'domain': {'id': 'default', 'name': 'Default'}, 'id': 'ce5b19a933354bdf87ac6d698494ad47', 'name': 'nfv'},
'client_id': 'tacker_api_proj', 'username': 'service-account-tacker_api_proj', 'token_type': 'Bearer', 'active': True}
{{(pid=22701) _fetch_token /opt/stack/data/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/keystonemiddleware/external_oauth2_token.py:731}}

  • tls_client_auth:

    $ curl -i -X POST https://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_https_port/realms/testrealm/protocol/openid-connect/token \
-d "client_id=tacker_api_proj" -d "scope=project_scope" -d "grant_type=client_credentials" \
--cacert ca.pem \
--cert client.pem \
--key client.key
HTTP/2 200
cache-control: no-store
pragma: no-cache
content-length: 1861
content-type: application/json
referrer-policy: no-referrer
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
x-content-type-options: nosniff
x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block

{"access_token":"$access_token","expires_in":300,"refresh_expires_in":0,
"token_type":"Bearer","not-before-policy":0,"scope":"email profile"}

$ curl -i -X GET https://$tacker_host_name:9890/v1.0/vims \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $access_token" \
--cacert ca.pem \
--cert client.pem \
--key client.key
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 743
X-Openstack-Request-Id: req-80b670f0-910f-4d53-9859-6d430f4ba7db
Date: Fri, 06 Dec 2024 09:42:36 GMT

{"vims": [{"id": "a99189da-bf72-4af7-884c-36d157f00571",
"type": "openstack", "tenant_id": "2cc02f60acf34fdda7bc5e9af9a7032b",
"name": "openstack", "description": "", "placement_attr": {
"regions": ["RegionOne"]}, "is_default": true,
"created_at": "2024-11-07 02:04:46", "updated_at": "2024-11-07 02:10:18",
"extra": {}, "auth_url": "http://192.168.56.11/identity/v3",
"vim_project": {"name": "admin", "project_domain_name": "default"},
"auth_cred": {"username": "admin", "user_domain_name": "default",
"cert_verify": "True", "project_id": null, "project_name": "admin",
"project_domain_name": "default", "auth_url": "http://192.168.56.11/identity/v3",
"key_type": "barbican_key", "secret_uuid": "***", "password": "***"}, "status": "ACTIVE"}]}

$ tail -f /opt/stack/log/tacker-server.log
Dec 06 09:42:36 controller-tacker tacker-server[25048]:
DEBUG keystonemiddleware.external_oauth2_token [-] The introspect API response: {
'exp': 1733478427, 'iat': 1733478127, 'jti': 'a51dbc9c-45b0-46ef-953e-71278b09c9d4',
'iss': 'https://$keycloak_host_name:$keycloak_https_port/realms/testrealm', 'aud': 'account', 'sub': '7d3e5929-4bbe-4ef4-90e3-8fd4b445ed7f',
'typ': 'Bearer', 'azp': 'tacker_api_proj', 'acr': '1', 'allowed-origins': ['/*'], 'realm_access': {
'roles': ['offline_access', 'uma_authorization', 'default-roles-testrealm']}, 'resource_access': {'account': {
'roles': ['manage-account', 'manage-account-links', 'view-profile']}},
'cnf': {'x5t#S256': 'dAHdSS_CN-KNN9jgE8brrkFEDC2uWAKnMslE84CBB38'}, 'scope': 'email profile',
'email_verified': False, 'role_info': 'admin,member,reader', 'preferred_username': 'service-account-tacker_api_proj',
'user': {'domain': {'name': 'default', 'id': 'default'}, 'name': 'nfv_user', 'id': '35c884d8a6544d38abce33c0003c8331'},
'project_info': {'domain': {'id': 'default', 'name': 'Default'}, 'id': 'ce5b19a933354bdf87ac6d698494ad47', 'name': 'nfv'},
'client_id': 'tacker_api_proj', 'username': 'service-account-tacker_api_proj', 'token_type': 'Bearer', 'active': True}
{{(pid=25048) _fetch_token /opt/stack/data/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/keystonemiddleware/external_oauth2_token.py:731}}

Using Tacker API

When using an external OAuth 2.0 authorization server, the current version of OpenStack Command is not supported.

Cleaning Up

When the testing Keycloak environment is no longer is needed as the testing had finished, Keycloak docker container can be removed by simply running the following command.

$ docker stop keycloak && docker rm keycloak