# vim: tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4

# Copyright 2011 OpenStack LLC.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
#    not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
#    a copy of the License at
#
#         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
#    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
#    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
#    under the License.

"""Utility methods for working with WSGI servers."""

import datetime
import eventlet
import eventlet.wsgi

eventlet.patcher.monkey_patch(all=False, socket=True)

import json
import logging
import sys
import routes
import routes.middleware
import webob.dec
import webob.exc
from xml.dom import minidom
from xml.parsers import expat

from melange.openstack.common import exception


LOG = logging.getLogger('wsgi')


class WritableLogger(object):
    """A thin wrapper that responds to `write` and logs."""

    def __init__(self, logger, level=logging.DEBUG):
        self.logger = logger
        self.level = level

    def write(self, msg):
        self.logger.log(self.level, msg.strip("\n"))


def run_server(application, port):
    """Run a WSGI server with the given application."""
    sock = eventlet.listen(('0.0.0.0', port))
    eventlet.wsgi.server(sock, application)


class Server(object):
    """Server class to manage multiple WSGI sockets and applications."""

    def __init__(self, threads=1000):
        self.pool = eventlet.GreenPool(threads)

    def start(self, application, port, host='0.0.0.0', backlog=128):
        """Run a WSGI server with the given application."""
        socket = eventlet.listen((host, port), backlog=backlog)
        self.pool.spawn_n(self._run, application, socket)

    def wait(self):
        """Wait until all servers have completed running."""
        try:
            self.pool.waitall()
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            pass

    def _run(self, application, socket):
        """Start a WSGI server in a new green thread."""
        logger = logging.getLogger('eventlet.wsgi.server')
        eventlet.wsgi.server(socket, application, custom_pool=self.pool,
                             log=WritableLogger(logger))


class Middleware(object):
    """
    Base WSGI middleware wrapper. These classes require an application to be
    initialized that will be called next.  By default the middleware will
    simply call its wrapped app, or you can override __call__ to customize its
    behavior.
    """

    def __init__(self, application):
        self.application = application

    def process_request(self, req):
        """
        Called on each request.

        If this returns None, the next application down the stack will be
        executed. If it returns a response then that response will be returned
        and execution will stop here.
        """
        return None

    def process_response(self, response):
        """Do whatever you'd like to the response."""
        return response

    @webob.dec.wsgify
    def __call__(self, req):
        response = self.process_request(req)
        if response:
            return response
        response = req.get_response(self.application)
        return self.process_response(response)


class Debug(Middleware):
    """
    Helper class that can be inserted into any WSGI application chain
    to get information about the request and response.
    """

    @webob.dec.wsgify
    def __call__(self, req):
        print ("*" * 40) + " REQUEST ENVIRON"
        for key, value in req.environ.items():
            print key, "=", value
        print
        resp = req.get_response(self.application)

        print ("*" * 40) + " RESPONSE HEADERS"
        for (key, value) in resp.headers.iteritems():
            print key, "=", value
        print

        resp.app_iter = self.print_generator(resp.app_iter)

        return resp

    @staticmethod
    def print_generator(app_iter):
        """
        Iterator that prints the contents of a wrapper string iterator
        when iterated.
        """
        print ("*" * 40) + " BODY"
        for part in app_iter:
            sys.stdout.write(part)
            sys.stdout.flush()
            yield part
        print


class Router(object):

    """
    WSGI middleware that maps incoming requests to WSGI apps.
    """

    def __init__(self, mapper):
        """
        Create a router for the given routes.Mapper.

        Each route in `mapper` must specify a 'controller', which is a
        WSGI app to call.  You'll probably want to specify an 'action' as
        well and have your controller be a wsgi.Controller, who will route
        the request to the action method.

        Examples:
          mapper = routes.Mapper()
          sc = ServerController()

          # Explicit mapping of one route to a controller+action
          mapper.connect(None, "/svrlist", controller=sc, action="list")

          # Actions are all implicitly defined
          mapper.resource("server", "servers", controller=sc)

          # Pointing to an arbitrary WSGI app.  You can specify the
          # {path_info:.*} parameter so the target app can be handed just that
          # section of the URL.
          mapper.connect(None, "/v1.0/{path_info:.*}", controller=BlogApp())
        """
        self.map = mapper
        self._router = routes.middleware.RoutesMiddleware(self._dispatch,
                                                          self.map)

    @webob.dec.wsgify
    def __call__(self, req):
        """
        Route the incoming request to a controller based on self.map.
        If no match, return a 404.
        """
        return self._router

    @staticmethod
    @webob.dec.wsgify
    def _dispatch(req):
        """
        Called by self._router after matching the incoming request to a route
        and putting the information into req.environ.  Either returns 404
        or the routed WSGI app's response.
        """
        match = req.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'][1]
        if not match:
            return webob.exc.HTTPNotFound()
        app = match['controller']
        return app


class Request(webob.Request):
    """Add some Openstack API-specific logic to the base webob.Request."""

    default_request_content_types = ('application/json', 'application/xml')
    default_accept_types = ('application/json', 'application/xml')
    default_accept_type = 'application/json'

    def best_match_content_type(self, supported_content_types=None):
        """Determine the requested response content-type.

        Based on the query extension then the Accept header.
        Defaults to default_accept_type if we don't find a preference

        """
        supported_content_types = (supported_content_types or
                                   self.default_accept_types)

        parts = self.path.rsplit('.', 1)
        if len(parts) > 1:
            ctype = 'application/{0}'.format(parts[1])
            if ctype in supported_content_types:
                return ctype

        bm = self.accept.best_match(supported_content_types)
        return bm or self.default_accept_type

    def get_content_type(self, allowed_content_types=None):
        """Determine content type of the request body.

        Does not do any body introspection, only checks header

        """
        if not "Content-Type" in self.headers:
            return None

        content_type = self.content_type
        allowed_content_types = (allowed_content_types or
                                 self.default_request_content_types)

        if content_type not in allowed_content_types:
            raise exception.InvalidContentType(content_type=content_type)
        return content_type


class Resource(object):
    """
    WSGI app that handles (de)serialization and controller dispatch.

    Reads routing information supplied by RoutesMiddleware and calls
    the requested action method upon its deserializer, controller,
    and serializer. Those three objects may implement any of the basic
    controller action methods (create, update, show, index, delete)
    along with any that may be specified in the api router. A 'default'
    method may also be implemented to be used in place of any
    non-implemented actions. Deserializer methods must accept a request
    argument and return a dictionary. Controller methods must accept a
    request argument. Additionally, they must also accept keyword
    arguments that represent the keys returned by the Deserializer. They
    may raise a webob.exc exception or return a dict, which will be
    serialized by requested content type.
    """
    def __init__(self, controller, deserializer=None, serializer=None):
        """
        :param controller: object that implement methods created by routes lib
        :param deserializer: object that supports webob request deserialization
                             through controller-like actions
        :param serializer: object that supports webob response serialization
                           through controller-like actions
        """
        self.controller = controller
        self.serializer = serializer or ResponseSerializer()
        self.deserializer = deserializer or RequestDeserializer()

    @webob.dec.wsgify(RequestClass=Request)
    def __call__(self, request):
        """WSGI method that controls (de)serialization and method dispatch."""

        try:
            action, action_args, accept = self.deserialize_request(request)
        except exception.InvalidContentType:
            msg = _("Unsupported Content-Type")
            return webob.exc.HTTPUnsupportedMediaType(explanation=msg)
        except exception.MalformedRequestBody:
            msg = _("Malformed request body")
            return webob.exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        action_result = self.execute_action(action, request, **action_args)
        try:
            return self.serialize_response(action, action_result, accept)
        # return unserializable result (typically a webob exc)
        except Exception:
            return action_result

    def deserialize_request(self, request):
        return self.deserializer.deserialize(request)

    def serialize_response(self, action, action_result, accept):
        return self.serializer.serialize(action_result, accept, action)

    def execute_action(self, action, request, **action_args):
        return self.dispatch(self.controller, action, request, **action_args)

    def dispatch(self, obj, action, *args, **kwargs):
        """Find action-specific method on self and call it."""
        try:
            method = getattr(obj, action)
        except AttributeError:
            method = getattr(obj, 'default')

        return method(*args, **kwargs)

    def get_action_args(self, request_environment):
        """Parse dictionary created by routes library."""
        try:
            args = request_environment['wsgiorg.routing_args'][1].copy()
        except Exception:
            return {}

        try:
            del args['controller']
        except KeyError:
            pass

        try:
            del args['format']
        except KeyError:
            pass

        return args


class ActionDispatcher(object):
    """Maps method name to local methods through action name."""

    def dispatch(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """Find and call local method."""
        action = kwargs.pop('action', 'default')
        action_method = getattr(self, str(action), self.default)
        return action_method(*args, **kwargs)

    def default(self, data):
        raise NotImplementedError()


class DictSerializer(ActionDispatcher):
    """Default request body serialization"""

    def serialize(self, data, action='default'):
        return self.dispatch(data, action=action)

    def default(self, data):
        return ""


class JSONDictSerializer(DictSerializer):
    """Default JSON request body serialization"""

    def default(self, data):
        def sanitizer(obj):
            if isinstance(obj, datetime.datetime):
                _dtime = obj - datetime.timedelta(microseconds=obj.microsecond)
                return _dtime.isoformat()
            return obj
        return json.dumps(data, default=sanitizer)


class XMLDictSerializer(DictSerializer):

    def __init__(self, metadata=None, xmlns=None):
        """
        :param metadata: information needed to deserialize xml into
                         a dictionary.
        :param xmlns: XML namespace to include with serialized xml
        """
        super(XMLDictSerializer, self).__init__()
        self.metadata = metadata or {}
        self.xmlns = xmlns

    def default(self, data):
        # We expect data to contain a single key which is the XML root.
        root_key = data.keys()[0]
        doc = minidom.Document()
        node = self._to_xml_node(doc, self.metadata, root_key, data[root_key])

        return self.to_xml_string(node)

    def to_xml_string(self, node, has_atom=False):
        self._add_xmlns(node, has_atom)
        return node.toprettyxml(indent='    ', encoding='UTF-8')

    #NOTE (ameade): the has_atom should be removed after all of the
    # xml serializers and view builders have been updated to the current
    # spec that required all responses include the xmlns:atom, the has_atom
    # flag is to prevent current tests from breaking
    def _add_xmlns(self, node, has_atom=False):
        if self.xmlns is not None:
            node.setAttribute('xmlns', self.xmlns)
        if has_atom:
            node.setAttribute('xmlns:atom', "http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom")

    def _to_xml_node(self, doc, metadata, nodename, data):
        """Recursive method to convert data members to XML nodes."""
        result = doc.createElement(nodename)

        # Set the xml namespace if one is specified
        # TODO(justinsb): We could also use prefixes on the keys
        xmlns = metadata.get('xmlns', None)
        if xmlns:
            result.setAttribute('xmlns', xmlns)

        #TODO(bcwaldon): accomplish this without a type-check
        if type(data) is list:
            collections = metadata.get('list_collections', {})
            if nodename in collections:
                metadata = collections[nodename]
                for item in data:
                    node = doc.createElement(metadata['item_name'])
                    node.setAttribute(metadata['item_key'], str(item))
                    result.appendChild(node)
                return result
            singular = metadata.get('plurals', {}).get(nodename, None)
            if singular is None:
                if nodename.endswith('s'):
                    singular = nodename[:-1]
                else:
                    singular = 'item'
            for item in data:
                node = self._to_xml_node(doc, metadata, singular, item)
                result.appendChild(node)
        #TODO(bcwaldon): accomplish this without a type-check
        elif type(data) is dict:
            collections = metadata.get('dict_collections', {})
            if nodename in collections:
                metadata = collections[nodename]
                for k, v in data.items():
                    node = doc.createElement(metadata['item_name'])
                    node.setAttribute(metadata['item_key'], str(k))
                    text = doc.createTextNode(str(v))
                    node.appendChild(text)
                    result.appendChild(node)
                return result
            attrs = metadata.get('attributes', {}).get(nodename, {})
            for k, v in data.items():
                if k in attrs:
                    result.setAttribute(k, str(v))
                else:
                    node = self._to_xml_node(doc, metadata, k, v)
                    result.appendChild(node)
        else:
            # Type is atom
            node = doc.createTextNode(str(data))
            result.appendChild(node)
        return result

    def _create_link_nodes(self, xml_doc, links):
        link_nodes = []
        for link in links:
            link_node = xml_doc.createElement('atom:link')
            link_node.setAttribute('rel', link['rel'])
            link_node.setAttribute('href', link['href'])
            if 'type' in link:
                link_node.setAttribute('type', link['type'])
            link_nodes.append(link_node)
        return link_nodes


class ResponseHeadersSerializer(ActionDispatcher):
    """Default response headers serialization"""

    def serialize(self, response, data, action):
        self.dispatch(response, data, action=action)

    def default(self, response, data):
        response.status_int = 200


class ResponseSerializer(object):
    """Encode the necessary pieces into a response object"""

    def __init__(self, body_serializers=None, headers_serializer=None):
        self.body_serializers = {
            'application/xml': XMLDictSerializer(),
            'application/json': JSONDictSerializer(),
        }
        self.body_serializers.update(body_serializers or {})

        self.headers_serializer = (headers_serializer or
                                   ResponseHeadersSerializer())

    def serialize(self, response_data, content_type, action='default'):
        """Serialize a dict into a string and wrap in a wsgi.Request object.

        :param response_data: dict produced by the Controller
        :param content_type: expected mimetype of serialized response body

        """
        response = webob.Response()
        self.serialize_headers(response, response_data, action)
        self.serialize_body(response, response_data, content_type, action)
        return response

    def serialize_headers(self, response, data, action):
        self.headers_serializer.serialize(response, data, action)

    def serialize_body(self, response, data, content_type, action):
        response.headers['Content-Type'] = content_type
        if data is not None:
            serializer = self.get_body_serializer(content_type)
            response.body = serializer.serialize(data, action)

    def get_body_serializer(self, content_type):
        try:
            return self.body_serializers[content_type]
        except (KeyError, TypeError):
            raise exception.InvalidContentType(content_type=content_type)


class RequestHeadersDeserializer(ActionDispatcher):
    """Default request headers deserializer"""

    def deserialize(self, request, action):
        return self.dispatch(request, action=action)

    def default(self, request):
        return {}


class RequestDeserializer(object):
    """Break up a Request object into more useful pieces."""

    def __init__(self, body_deserializers=None, headers_deserializer=None,
                 supported_content_types=None):

        self.supported_content_types = supported_content_types

        self.body_deserializers = {
            'application/xml': XMLDeserializer(),
            'application/json': JSONDeserializer(),
        }
        self.body_deserializers.update(body_deserializers or {})

        self.headers_deserializer = (headers_deserializer or
                                     RequestHeadersDeserializer())

    def deserialize(self, request):
        """Extract necessary pieces of the request.

        :param request: Request object
        :returns tuple of expected controller action name, dictionary of
                 keyword arguments to pass to the controller, the expected
                 content type of the response

        """
        action_args = self.get_action_args(request.environ)
        action = action_args.pop('action', None)

        action_args.update(self.deserialize_headers(request, action))
        action_args.update(self.deserialize_body(request, action))

        accept = self.get_expected_content_type(request)

        return (action, action_args, accept)

    def deserialize_headers(self, request, action):
        return self.headers_deserializer.deserialize(request, action)

    def deserialize_body(self, request, action):
        if not len(request.body) > 0:
            LOG.debug(_("Empty body provided in request"))
            return {}

        try:
            content_type = request.get_content_type()
        except exception.InvalidContentType:
            LOG.debug(_("Unrecognized Content-Type provided in request"))
            raise

        if content_type is None:
            LOG.debug(_("No Content-Type provided in request"))
            return {}

        try:
            deserializer = self.get_body_deserializer(content_type)
        except exception.InvalidContentType:
            LOG.debug(_("Unable to deserialize body as provided Content-Type"))
            raise

        return deserializer.deserialize(request.body, action)

    def get_body_deserializer(self, content_type):
        try:
            return self.body_deserializers[content_type]
        except (KeyError, TypeError):
            raise exception.InvalidContentType(content_type=content_type)

    def get_expected_content_type(self, request):
        return request.best_match_content_type(self.supported_content_types)

    def get_action_args(self, request_environment):
        """Parse dictionary created by routes library."""
        try:
            args = request_environment['wsgiorg.routing_args'][1].copy()
        except Exception:
            return {}

        try:
            del args['controller']
        except KeyError:
            pass

        try:
            del args['format']
        except KeyError:
            pass

        return args


class TextDeserializer(ActionDispatcher):
    """Default request body deserialization"""

    def deserialize(self, datastring, action='default'):
        return self.dispatch(datastring, action=action)

    def default(self, datastring):
        return {}


class JSONDeserializer(TextDeserializer):

    def _from_json(self, datastring):
        try:
            return json.loads(datastring)
        except ValueError:
            msg = _("cannot understand JSON")
            raise exception.MalformedRequestBody(reason=msg)

    def default(self, datastring):
        return {'body': self._from_json(datastring)}


class XMLDeserializer(TextDeserializer):

    def __init__(self, metadata=None):
        """
        :param metadata: information needed to deserialize xml into
                         a dictionary.
        """
        super(XMLDeserializer, self).__init__()
        self.metadata = metadata or {}

    def _from_xml(self, datastring):
        plurals = set(self.metadata.get('plurals', {}))

        try:
            node = minidom.parseString(datastring).childNodes[0]
            return {node.nodeName: self._from_xml_node(node, plurals)}
        except expat.ExpatError:
            msg = _("cannot understand XML")
            raise exception.MalformedRequestBody(reason=msg)

    def _from_xml_node(self, node, listnames):
        """Convert a minidom node to a simple Python type.

        :param listnames: list of XML node names whose subnodes should
                          be considered list items.

        """

        if len(node.childNodes) == 1 and node.childNodes[0].nodeType == 3:
            return node.childNodes[0].nodeValue
        elif node.nodeName in listnames:
            return [self._from_xml_node(n, listnames) for n in node.childNodes]
        else:
            result = dict()
            for attr in node.attributes.keys():
                result[attr] = node.attributes[attr].nodeValue
            for child in node.childNodes:
                if child.nodeType != node.TEXT_NODE:
                    result[child.nodeName] = self._from_xml_node(child,
                                                                 listnames)
            return result

    def find_first_child_named(self, parent, name):
        """Search a nodes children for the first child with a given name"""
        for node in parent.childNodes:
            if node.nodeName == name:
                return node
        return None

    def find_children_named(self, parent, name):
        """Return all of a nodes children who have the given name"""
        for node in parent.childNodes:
            if node.nodeName == name:
                yield node

    def extract_text(self, node):
        """Get the text field contained by the given node"""
        if len(node.childNodes) == 1:
            child = node.childNodes[0]
            if child.nodeType == child.TEXT_NODE:
                return child.nodeValue
        return ""

    def default(self, datastring):
        return {'body': self._from_xml(datastring)}
