#!/usr/bin/env python
# vim: tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4

# Copyright 2010 United States Government as represented by the
# Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
# All Rights Reserved.
#
#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
#    not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
#    a copy of the License at
#
#         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
#    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
#    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
#    under the License.

# Interactive shell based on Django:
#
# Copyright (c) 2005, the Lawrence Journal-World
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
#
#     1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
#        this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#
#     2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
#        notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
#        documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
#
#     3. Neither the name of Django nor the names of its contributors may be
#        used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
#        specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.


"""
  CLI interface for nova management.
"""

import ast
import gettext
import glob
import json
import math
import netaddr
from optparse import OptionParser
import os
import StringIO
import sys
import time


# If ../nova/__init__.py exists, add ../ to Python search path, so that
# it will override what happens to be installed in /usr/(local/)lib/python...
POSSIBLE_TOPDIR = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0]),
                                   os.pardir,
                                   os.pardir))
if os.path.exists(os.path.join(POSSIBLE_TOPDIR, 'nova', '__init__.py')):
    sys.path.insert(0, POSSIBLE_TOPDIR)

gettext.install('nova', unicode=1)

from nova import context
from nova import crypto
from nova import db
from nova import exception
from nova import flags
from nova import image
from nova import log as logging
from nova import quota
from nova import rpc
from nova import utils
from nova import version
from nova import vsa
from nova.api.ec2 import ec2utils
from nova.auth import manager
from nova.cloudpipe import pipelib
from nova.compute import instance_types
from nova.db import migration
from nova.volume import volume_types

FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
flags.DECLARE('fixed_range', 'nova.network.manager')
flags.DECLARE('num_networks', 'nova.network.manager')
flags.DECLARE('network_size', 'nova.network.manager')
flags.DECLARE('vlan_start', 'nova.network.manager')
flags.DECLARE('vpn_start', 'nova.network.manager')
flags.DECLARE('fixed_range_v6', 'nova.network.manager')
flags.DECLARE('gateway_v6', 'nova.network.manager')
flags.DECLARE('libvirt_type', 'nova.virt.libvirt.connection')
flags.DEFINE_flag(flags.HelpFlag())
flags.DEFINE_flag(flags.HelpshortFlag())
flags.DEFINE_flag(flags.HelpXMLFlag())


# Decorators for actions
def args(*args, **kwargs):
    def _decorator(func):
        func.__dict__.setdefault('options', []).insert(0, (args, kwargs))
        return func
    return _decorator


def param2id(object_id):
    """Helper function to convert various id types to internal id.
    args: [object_id], e.g. 'vol-0000000a' or 'volume-0000000a' or '10'
    """
    if '-' in object_id:
        return ec2utils.ec2_id_to_id(object_id)
    else:
        return int(object_id)


class VpnCommands(object):
    """Class for managing VPNs."""

    def __init__(self):
        self.manager = manager.AuthManager()
        self.pipe = pipelib.CloudPipe()

    @args('--project', dest="project", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    def list(self, project=None):
        """Print a listing of the VPN data for one or all projects."""
        print "WARNING: This method only works with deprecated auth"
        print "%-12s\t" % 'project',
        print "%-20s\t" % 'ip:port',
        print "%-20s\t" % 'private_ip',
        print "%s" % 'state'
        if project:
            projects = [self.manager.get_project(project)]
        else:
            projects = self.manager.get_projects()
            # NOTE(vish): This hits the database a lot.  We could optimize
            #             by getting all networks in one query and all vpns
            #             in aother query, then doing lookups by project
        for project in projects:
            print "%-12s\t" % project.name,
            ipport = "%s:%s" % (project.vpn_ip, project.vpn_port)
            print "%-20s\t" % ipport,
            ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
            vpn = db.instance_get_project_vpn(ctxt, project.id)
            if vpn:
                address = None
                state = 'down'
                if vpn.get('fixed_ip', None):
                    address = vpn['fixed_ip']['address']
                if project.vpn_ip and utils.vpn_ping(project.vpn_ip,
                                                     project.vpn_port):
                    state = 'up'
                print address,
                print vpn['host'],
                print ec2utils.id_to_ec2_id(vpn['id']),
                print vpn['vm_state'],
                print state
            else:
                print None

    def spawn(self):
        """Run all VPNs."""
        print "WARNING: This method only works with deprecated auth"
        for p in reversed(self.manager.get_projects()):
            if not self._vpn_for(p.id):
                print 'spawning %s' % p.id
                self.pipe.launch_vpn_instance(p.id, p.project_manager_id)
                time.sleep(10)

    @args('--project', dest="project_id", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    @args('--user', dest="user_id", metavar='<user name>', help='User name')
    def run(self, project_id, user_id):
        """Start the VPN for a given project and user."""
        if not user_id:
            print "WARNING: This method only works with deprecated auth"
            user_id = self.manager.get_project(project_id).project_manager_id
        self.pipe.launch_vpn_instance(project_id, user_id)

    @args('--project', dest="project_id", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    @args('--ip', dest="ip", metavar='<IP Address>', help='IP Address')
    @args('--port', dest="port", metavar='<Port>', help='Port')
    def change(self, project_id, ip, port):
        """Change the ip and port for a vpn.

        this will update all networks associated with a project
        not sure if that's the desired behavior or not, patches accepted

        """
        # TODO(tr3buchet): perhaps this shouldn't update all networks
        # associated with a project in the future
        admin_context = context.get_admin_context()
        networks = db.project_get_networks(admin_context, project_id)
        for network in networks:
            db.network_update(admin_context,
                              network['id'],
                              {'vpn_public_address': ip,
                               'vpn_public_port': int(port)})


class ShellCommands(object):
    def bpython(self):
        """Runs a bpython shell.

        Falls back to Ipython/python shell if unavailable"""
        self.run('bpython')

    def ipython(self):
        """Runs an Ipython shell.

        Falls back to Python shell if unavailable"""
        self.run('ipython')

    def python(self):
        """Runs a python shell.

        Falls back to Python shell if unavailable"""
        self.run('python')

    @args('--shell', dest="shell", metavar='<bpython|ipython|python >',
            help='Python shell')
    def run(self, shell=None):
        """Runs a Python interactive interpreter."""
        if not shell:
            shell = 'bpython'

        if shell == 'bpython':
            try:
                import bpython
                bpython.embed()
            except ImportError:
                shell = 'ipython'
        if shell == 'ipython':
            try:
                import IPython
                # Explicitly pass an empty list as arguments, because
                # otherwise IPython would use sys.argv from this script.
                shell = IPython.Shell.IPShell(argv=[])
                shell.mainloop()
            except ImportError:
                shell = 'python'

        if shell == 'python':
            import code
            try:
                # Try activating rlcompleter, because it's handy.
                import readline
            except ImportError:
                pass
            else:
                # We don't have to wrap the following import in a 'try',
                # because we already know 'readline' was imported successfully.
                import rlcompleter
                readline.parse_and_bind("tab:complete")
            code.interact()

    @args('--path', dest='path', metavar='<path>', help='Script path')
    def script(self, path):
        """Runs the script from the specifed path with flags set properly.
        arguments: path"""
        exec(compile(open(path).read(), path, 'exec'), locals(), globals())

    @args('--filename', dest='filename', metavar='<path>', default=False,
          help='Export file path')
    def export(self, filename):
        """Export Nova users into a file that can be consumed by Keystone"""

        def create_file(filename):
            data = generate_data()
            with open(filename, 'w') as f:
                f.write(data.getvalue())

        def tenants(data, am):
            for project in am.get_projects():
                print >> data, ("tenant add '%s'" %
                               (project.name))
                for u in project.member_ids:
                    user = am.get_user(u)
                    print >> data, ("user add '%s' '%s' '%s'" %
                                   (user.name, user.access, project.name))
                    print >> data, ("credentials add 'EC2' '%s:%s' '%s' '%s'" %
                            (user.access, project.id, user.secret, project.id))

        def roles(data, am):
            for role in am.get_roles():
                print >> data, ("role add '%s'" % (role))

        def grant_roles(data, am):
            roles = am.get_roles()
            for project in am.get_projects():
                for u in project.member_ids:
                    user = am.get_user(u)
                    for role in db.user_get_roles_for_project(ctxt, u,
                                                              project.id):
                        print >> data, ("role grant '%s', '%s', '%s')," %
                                       (user.name, role, project.name))
            print >> data

        def generate_data():
            data = StringIO.StringIO()
            am = manager.AuthManager()
            tenants(data, am)
            roles(data, am)
            grant_roles(data, am)
            data.seek(0)
            return data

        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        if filename:
            create_file(filename)
        else:
            data = generate_data()
            print data.getvalue()


class RoleCommands(object):
    """Class for managing roles."""

    def __init__(self):
        self.manager = manager.AuthManager()

    @args('--user', dest="user", metavar='<user name>', help='User name')
    @args('--role', dest="role", metavar='<user role>', help='User role')
    @args('--project', dest="project", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    def add(self, user, role, project=None):
        """adds role to user
        if project is specified, adds project specific role"""
        if project:
            projobj = self.manager.get_project(project)
            if not projobj.has_member(user):
                print "%s not a member of %s" % (user, project)
                return
        self.manager.add_role(user, role, project)

    @args('--user', dest="user", metavar='<user name>', help='User name')
    @args('--role', dest="role", metavar='<user role>', help='User role')
    @args('--project', dest="project", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    def has(self, user, role, project=None):
        """checks to see if user has role
        if project is specified, returns True if user has
        the global role and the project role"""
        print self.manager.has_role(user, role, project)

    @args('--user', dest="user", metavar='<user name>', help='User name')
    @args('--role', dest="role", metavar='<user role>', help='User role')
    @args('--project', dest="project", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    def remove(self, user, role, project=None):
        """removes role from user
        if project is specified, removes project specific role"""
        self.manager.remove_role(user, role, project)


def _db_error(caught_exception):
    print caught_exception
    print _("The above error may show that the database has not "
            "been created.\nPlease create a database using "
            "'nova-manage db sync' before running this command.")
    exit(1)


class UserCommands(object):
    """Class for managing users."""

    @staticmethod
    def _print_export(user):
        """Print export variables to use with API."""
        print 'export EC2_ACCESS_KEY=%s' % user.access
        print 'export EC2_SECRET_KEY=%s' % user.secret

    def __init__(self):
        self.manager = manager.AuthManager()

    @args('--name', dest="name", metavar='<admin name>', help='Admin name')
    @args('--access', dest="access", metavar='<access>', help='Access')
    @args('--secret', dest="secret", metavar='<secret>', help='Secret')
    def admin(self, name, access=None, secret=None):
        """creates a new admin and prints exports"""
        try:
            user = self.manager.create_user(name, access, secret, True)
        except exception.DBError, e:
            _db_error(e)
        self._print_export(user)

    @args('--name', dest="name", metavar='<name>', help='User name')
    @args('--access', dest="access", metavar='<access>', help='Access')
    @args('--secret', dest="secret", metavar='<secret>', help='Secret')
    def create(self, name, access=None, secret=None):
        """creates a new user and prints exports"""
        try:
            user = self.manager.create_user(name, access, secret, False)
        except exception.DBError, e:
            _db_error(e)
        self._print_export(user)

    @args('--name', dest="name", metavar='<name>', help='User name')
    def delete(self, name):
        """deletes an existing user
        arguments: name"""
        self.manager.delete_user(name)

    @args('--name', dest="name", metavar='<admin name>', help='User name')
    def exports(self, name):
        """prints access and secrets for user in export format"""
        user = self.manager.get_user(name)
        if user:
            self._print_export(user)
        else:
            print "User %s doesn't exist" % name

    def list(self):
        """lists all users"""
        for user in self.manager.get_users():
            print user.name

    @args('--name', dest="name", metavar='<name>', help='User name')
    @args('--access', dest="access_key", metavar='<access>',
            help='Access key')
    @args('--secret', dest="secret_key", metavar='<secret>',
            help='Secret key')
    @args('--is_admin', dest='is_admin', metavar="<'T'|'F'>",
            help='Is admin?')
    def modify(self, name, access_key, secret_key, is_admin):
        """update a users keys & admin flag
        arguments: accesskey secretkey admin
        leave any field blank to ignore it, admin should be 'T', 'F', or blank
        """
        if not is_admin:
            is_admin = None
        elif is_admin.upper()[0] == 'T':
            is_admin = True
        else:
            is_admin = False
        self.manager.modify_user(name, access_key, secret_key, is_admin)

    @args('--name', dest="user_id", metavar='<name>', help='User name')
    @args('--project', dest="project_id", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    def revoke(self, user_id, project_id=None):
        """revoke certs for a user"""
        if project_id:
            crypto.revoke_certs_by_user_and_project(user_id, project_id)
        else:
            crypto.revoke_certs_by_user(user_id)


class ProjectCommands(object):
    """Class for managing projects."""

    def __init__(self):
        self.manager = manager.AuthManager()

    @args('--project', dest="project_id", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    @args('--user', dest="user_id", metavar='<name>', help='User name')
    def add(self, project_id, user_id):
        """Adds user to project"""
        try:
            self.manager.add_to_project(user_id, project_id)
        except exception.UserNotFound as ex:
            print ex
            raise

    @args('--project', dest="name", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    @args('--user', dest="project_manager", metavar='<user>',
            help='Project manager')
    @args('--desc', dest="description", metavar='<description>',
            help='Description')
    def create(self, name, project_manager, description=None):
        """Creates a new project"""
        try:
            self.manager.create_project(name, project_manager, description)
        except exception.UserNotFound as ex:
            print ex
            raise

    @args('--project', dest="name", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    @args('--user', dest="project_manager", metavar='<user>',
            help='Project manager')
    @args('--desc', dest="description", metavar='<description>',
            help='Description')
    def modify(self, name, project_manager, description=None):
        """Modifies a project"""
        try:
            self.manager.modify_project(name, project_manager, description)
        except exception.UserNotFound as ex:
            print ex
            raise

    @args('--project', dest="name", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    def delete(self, name):
        """Deletes an existing project"""
        try:
            self.manager.delete_project(name)
        except exception.ProjectNotFound as ex:
            print ex
            raise

    @args('--project', dest="project_id", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    @args('--user', dest="user_id", metavar='<name>', help='User name')
    @args('--file', dest="filename", metavar='<filename>',
            help='File name(Default: novarc)')
    def environment(self, project_id, user_id, filename='novarc'):
        """Exports environment variables to an sourcable file"""
        try:
            rc = self.manager.get_environment_rc(user_id, project_id)
        except (exception.UserNotFound, exception.ProjectNotFound) as ex:
            print ex
            raise
        if filename == "-":
            sys.stdout.write(rc)
        else:
            with open(filename, 'w') as f:
                f.write(rc)

    @args('--user', dest="username", metavar='<username>', help='User name')
    def list(self, username=None):
        """Lists all projects"""
        for project in self.manager.get_projects(username):
            print project.name

    @args('--project', dest="project_id", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    @args('--key', dest="key", metavar='<key>', help='Key')
    @args('--value', dest="value", metavar='<value>', help='Value')
    def quota(self, project_id, key=None, value=None):
        """Set or display quotas for project"""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        if key:
            if value.lower() == 'unlimited':
                value = None
            try:
                db.quota_update(ctxt, project_id, key, value)
            except exception.ProjectQuotaNotFound:
                db.quota_create(ctxt, project_id, key, value)
        project_quota = quota.get_project_quotas(ctxt, project_id)
        for key, value in project_quota.iteritems():
            if value is None:
                value = 'unlimited'
            print '%s: %s' % (key, value)

    @args('--project', dest="project_id", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    @args('--user', dest="user_id", metavar='<name>', help='User name')
    def remove(self, project_id, user_id):
        """Removes user from project"""
        try:
            self.manager.remove_from_project(user_id, project_id)
        except (exception.UserNotFound, exception.ProjectNotFound) as ex:
            print ex
            raise

    @args('--project', dest="project_id", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    def scrub(self, project_id):
        """Deletes data associated with project"""
        admin_context = context.get_admin_context()
        networks = db.project_get_networks(admin_context, project_id)
        for network in networks:
            db.network_disassociate(admin_context, network['id'])
        groups = db.security_group_get_by_project(admin_context, project_id)
        for group in groups:
            db.security_group_destroy(admin_context, group['id'])

    @args('--project', dest="project_id", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    @args('--user', dest="user_id", metavar='<name>', help='User name')
    @args('--file', dest="filename", metavar='<filename>',
            help='File name(Default: nova.zip)')
    def zipfile(self, project_id, user_id, filename='nova.zip'):
        """Exports credentials for project to a zip file"""
        try:
            zip_file = self.manager.get_credentials(user_id, project_id)
            if filename == "-":
                sys.stdout.write(zip_file)
            else:
                with open(filename, 'w') as f:
                    f.write(zip_file)
        except (exception.UserNotFound, exception.ProjectNotFound) as ex:
            print ex
            raise
        except db.api.NoMoreNetworks:
            print _('No more networks available. If this is a new '
                    'installation, you need\nto call something like this:\n\n'
                    '  nova-manage network create pvt 10.0.0.0/8 10 64\n\n')
        except exception.ProcessExecutionError, e:
            print e
            print _("The above error may show that the certificate db has "
                    "not been created.\nPlease create a database by running "
                    "a nova-api server on this host.")

AccountCommands = ProjectCommands


class FixedIpCommands(object):
    """Class for managing fixed ip."""

    @args('--host', dest="host", metavar='<host>', help='Host')
    def list(self, host=None):
        """Lists all fixed ips (optionally by host)"""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()

        try:
            if host is None:
                fixed_ips = db.fixed_ip_get_all(ctxt)
            else:
                fixed_ips = db.fixed_ip_get_all_by_instance_host(ctxt, host)
        except exception.NotFound as ex:
            print "error: %s" % ex
            sys.exit(2)

        print "%-18s\t%-15s\t%-17s\t%-15s\t%s" % (_('network'),
                                                  _('IP address'),
                                                  _('MAC address'),
                                                  _('hostname'),
                                                  _('host'))
        for fixed_ip in fixed_ips:
            hostname = None
            host = None
            mac_address = None
            if fixed_ip['instance']:
                instance = fixed_ip['instance']
                hostname = instance['hostname']
                host = instance['host']
                mac_address = fixed_ip['virtual_interface']['address']
            print "%-18s\t%-15s\t%-17s\t%-15s\t%s" % (
                    fixed_ip['network']['cidr'],
                    fixed_ip['address'],
                    mac_address, hostname, host)

    @args('--address', dest="address", metavar='<ip address>',
          help='IP address')
    def reserve(self, address):
        """Mark fixed ip as reserved
        arguments: address"""
        self._set_reserved(address, True)

    @args('--address', dest="address", metavar='<ip address>',
          help='IP address')
    def unreserve(self, address):
        """Mark fixed ip as free to use
        arguments: address"""
        self._set_reserved(address, False)

    def _set_reserved(self, address, reserved):
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()

        try:
            fixed_ip = db.fixed_ip_get_by_address(ctxt, address)
            if fixed_ip is None:
                raise exception.NotFound('Could not find address')
            db.fixed_ip_update(ctxt, fixed_ip['address'],
                                {'reserved': reserved})
        except exception.NotFound as ex:
            print "error: %s" % ex
            sys.exit(2)


class FloatingIpCommands(object):
    """Class for managing floating ip."""

    @args('--ip_range', dest="range", metavar='<range>', help='IP range')
    def create(self, range):
        """Creates floating ips for zone by range"""
        for address in netaddr.IPNetwork(range):
            db.floating_ip_create(context.get_admin_context(),
                                  {'address': str(address)})

    @args('--ip_range', dest="ip_range", metavar='<range>', help='IP range')
    def delete(self, ip_range):
        """Deletes floating ips by range"""
        for address in netaddr.IPNetwork(ip_range):
            db.floating_ip_destroy(context.get_admin_context(),
                                   str(address))

    @args('--host', dest="host", metavar='<host>', help='Host')
    def list(self, host=None):
        """Lists all floating ips (optionally by host)
        Note: if host is given, only active floating IPs are returned"""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        if host is None:
            floating_ips = db.floating_ip_get_all(ctxt)
        else:
            floating_ips = db.floating_ip_get_all_by_host(ctxt, host)
        for floating_ip in floating_ips:
            instance = None
            if floating_ip['fixed_ip']:
                instance = floating_ip['fixed_ip']['instance']['hostname']
            print "%s\t%s\t%s" % (floating_ip['host'],
                                  floating_ip['address'],
                                  instance)


class NetworkCommands(object):
    """Class for managing networks."""

    @args('--label', dest="label", metavar='<label>',
            help='Label for network (ex: public)')
    @args('--fixed_range_v4', dest="fixed_range_v4", metavar='<x.x.x.x/yy>',
            help='IPv4 subnet (ex: 10.0.0.0/8)')
    @args('--num_networks', dest="num_networks", metavar='<number>',
            help='Number of networks to create')
    @args('--network_size', dest="network_size", metavar='<number>',
            help='Number of IPs per network')
    @args('--vlan', dest="vlan_start", metavar='<vlan id>', help='vlan id')
    @args('--vpn', dest="vpn_start", help='vpn start')
    @args('--fixed_range_v6', dest="fixed_range_v6",
          help='IPv6 subnet (ex: fe80::/64')
    @args('--gateway_v6', dest="gateway_v6", help='ipv6 gateway')
    @args('--bridge', dest="bridge",
            metavar='<bridge>',
            help='VIFs on this network are connected to this bridge')
    @args('--bridge_interface', dest="bridge_interface",
            metavar='<bridge interface>',
            help='the bridge is connected to this interface')
    @args('--multi_host', dest="multi_host", metavar="<'T'|'F'>",
            help='Multi host')
    @args('--dns1', dest="dns1", metavar="<DNS Address>", help='First DNS')
    @args('--dns2', dest="dns2", metavar="<DNS Address>", help='Second DNS')
    @args('--uuid', dest="uuid", metavar="<network uuid>",
      help='Network UUID')
    @args('--project_id', dest="project_id", metavar="<project id>",
      help='Project id')
    @args('--priority', dest="priority", metavar="<number>",
      help='Network interface priority')
    def create(self, label=None, fixed_range_v4=None, num_networks=None,
               network_size=None, multi_host=None, vlan_start=None,
               vpn_start=None, fixed_range_v6=None, gateway_v6=None,
               bridge=None, bridge_interface=None, dns1=None, dns2=None,
               project_id=None, priority=None, uuid=None):
        """Creates fixed ips for host by range"""

        # check for certain required inputs
        if not label:
            raise exception.NetworkNotCreated(req='--label')
        if not (fixed_range_v4 or fixed_range_v6):
            req = '--fixed_range_v4 or --fixed_range_v6'
            raise exception.NetworkNotCreated(req=req)

        bridge = bridge or FLAGS.flat_network_bridge
        if not bridge:
            bridge_required = ['nova.network.manager.FlatManager',
                               'nova.network.manager.FlatDHCPManager']
            if FLAGS.network_manager in bridge_required:
                raise exception.NetworkNotCreated(req='--bridge')

        bridge_interface = bridge_interface or FLAGS.flat_interface or \
                           FLAGS.vlan_interface
        if not bridge_interface:
            interface_required = ['nova.network.manager.VlanManager']
            if FLAGS.network_manager in interface_required:
                raise exception.NetworkNotCreated(req='--bridge_interface')

        # sanitize other input using FLAGS if necessary
        if not num_networks:
            num_networks = FLAGS.num_networks
        if not network_size and fixed_range_v4:
            fixnet = netaddr.IPNetwork(fixed_range_v4)
            each_subnet_size = fixnet.size / int(num_networks)
            if each_subnet_size > FLAGS.network_size:
                network_size = FLAGS.network_size
                subnet = 32 - int(math.log(network_size, 2))
                oversize_msg = _('Subnet(s) too large, defaulting to /%s.'
                         '  To override, specify network_size flag.') % subnet
                print oversize_msg
            else:
                network_size = fixnet.size
        if not multi_host:
            multi_host = FLAGS.multi_host
        else:
            multi_host = multi_host == 'T'
        if not vlan_start:
            vlan_start = FLAGS.vlan_start
        if not vpn_start:
            vpn_start = FLAGS.vpn_start
        if not dns1 and FLAGS.flat_network_dns:
            dns1 = FLAGS.flat_network_dns

        if not network_size:
            network_size = FLAGS.network_size

        # create the network
        net_manager = utils.import_object(FLAGS.network_manager)
        net_manager.create_networks(context.get_admin_context(),
                                    label=label,
                                    cidr=fixed_range_v4,
                                    multi_host=multi_host,
                                    num_networks=int(num_networks),
                                    network_size=int(network_size),
                                    vlan_start=int(vlan_start),
                                    vpn_start=int(vpn_start),
                                    cidr_v6=fixed_range_v6,
                                    gateway_v6=gateway_v6,
                                    bridge=bridge,
                                    bridge_interface=bridge_interface,
                                    dns1=dns1,
                                    dns2=dns2,
                                    project_id=project_id,
                                    priority=priority,
                                    uuid=uuid)

    def list(self):
        """List all created networks"""
        _fmt = "%-5s\t%-18s\t%-15s\t%-15s\t%-15s\t%-15s\t%-15s\t%-15s\t%-15s"
        print _fmt % (_('id'),
                          _('IPv4'),
                          _('IPv6'),
                          _('start address'),
                          _('DNS1'),
                          _('DNS2'),
                          _('VlanID'),
                          _('project'),
                          _("uuid"))
        for network in db.network_get_all(context.get_admin_context()):
            print _fmt % (network.id,
                          network.cidr,
                          network.cidr_v6,
                          network.dhcp_start,
                          network.dns1,
                          network.dns2,
                          network.vlan,
                          network.project_id,
                          network.uuid)

    def quantum_list(self):
        """List all created networks with Quantum-relevant fields"""
        _fmt = "%-32s\t%-10s\t%-10s\t%s , %s"
        print _fmt % (_('uuid'),
                      _('project'),
                      _('priority'),
                      _('cidr_v4'),
                      _('cidr_v6'))
        for network in db.network_get_all(context.get_admin_context()):
            print _fmt % (network.uuid,
                          network.project_id,
                          network.priority,
                          network.cidr,
                          network.cidr_v6)

    @args('--network', dest="fixed_range", metavar='<x.x.x.x/yy>',
            help='Network to delete')
    def delete(self, fixed_range):
        """Deletes a network"""

        # delete the network
        net_manager = utils.import_object(FLAGS.network_manager)
        net_manager.delete_network(context.get_admin_context(), fixed_range)

    @args('--network', dest="fixed_range", metavar='<x.x.x.x/yy>',
            help='Network to modify')
    @args('--project', dest="project", metavar='<project name>',
            help='Project name to associate')
    @args('--host', dest="host", metavar='<host>',
            help='Host to associate')
    @args('--disassociate-project', action="store_true", dest='dis_project',
          default=False, help='Disassociate Network from Project')
    @args('--disassociate-host', action="store_true", dest='dis_host',
          default=False, help='Disassociate Host from Project')
    def modify(self, fixed_range, project=None, host=None,
               dis_project=None, dis_host=None):
        """Associate/Disassociate Network with Project and/or Host
        arguments: network project host
        leave any field blank to ignore it
        """
        admin_context = context.get_admin_context()
        network = db.network_get_by_cidr(admin_context, fixed_range)
        net = {}
        #User can choose the following actions each for project and host.
        #1) Associate (set not None value given by project/host parameter)
        #2) Disassociate (set None by disassociate parameter)
        #3) Keep unchanged (project/host key is not added to 'net')
        if project:
            net['project_id'] = project
        elif dis_project:
            net['project_id'] = None
        if host:
            net['host'] = host
        elif dis_host:
            net['host'] = None
        db.network_update(admin_context, network['id'], net)


class VmCommands(object):
    """Class for mangaging VM instances."""

    @args('--host', dest="host", metavar='<host>', help='Host')
    def list(self, host=None):
        """Show a list of all instances"""

        print "%-10s %-15s %-10s %-10s %-26s %-9s %-9s %-9s" \
              "  %-10s %-10s %-10s %-5s" % (
            _('instance'),
            _('node'),
            _('type'),
            _('state'),
            _('launched'),
            _('image'),
            _('kernel'),
            _('ramdisk'),
            _('project'),
            _('user'),
            _('zone'),
            _('index'))

        if host is None:
            instances = db.instance_get_all(context.get_admin_context())
        else:
            instances = db.instance_get_all_by_host(
                           context.get_admin_context(), host)

        for instance in instances:
            print "%-10s %-15s %-10s %-10s %-26s %-9s %-9s %-9s" \
                  "  %-10s %-10s %-10s %-5d" % (
                instance['hostname'],
                instance['host'],
                instance['instance_type'].name,
                instance['vm_state'],
                instance['launched_at'],
                instance['image_ref'],
                instance['kernel_id'],
                instance['ramdisk_id'],
                instance['project_id'],
                instance['user_id'],
                instance['availability_zone'],
                instance['launch_index'])

    def _migration(self, ec2_id, dest, block_migration=False):
        """Migrates a running instance to a new machine.
         :param ec2_id: instance id which comes from euca-describe-instance.
         :param dest: destination host name.
         :param block_migration: if True, do block_migration.

        """

        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        instance_id = ec2utils.ec2_id_to_id(ec2_id)

        if (FLAGS.connection_type != 'libvirt' or
           (FLAGS.connection_type == 'libvirt' and
            FLAGS.libvirt_type not in ['kvm', 'qemu'])):
            msg = _('Only KVM and QEmu are supported for now. Sorry!')
            raise exception.Error(msg)

        if FLAGS.volume_driver != 'nova.volume.driver.ISCSIDriver':
            msg = _("Support only ISCSIDriver. Sorry!")
            raise exception.Error(msg)

        rpc.call(ctxt,
                 FLAGS.scheduler_topic,
                 {"method": "live_migration",
                  "args": {"instance_id": instance_id,
                           "dest": dest,
                           "topic": FLAGS.compute_topic,
                           "block_migration": block_migration}})

        print _('Migration of %s initiated.'
               'Check its progress using euca-describe-instances.') % ec2_id

    @args('--ec2_id', dest='ec2_id', metavar='<ec2 id>', help='EC2 ID')
    @args('--dest', dest='dest', metavar='<Destanation>',
            help='destanation node')
    def live_migration(self, ec2_id, dest):
        """Migrates a running instance to a new machine."""

        self._migration(ec2_id, dest)

    @args('--ec2_id', dest='ec2_id', metavar='<ec2 id>', help='EC2 ID')
    @args('--dest', dest='dest', metavar='<Destanation>',
            help='destanation node')
    def block_migration(self, ec2_id, dest):
        """Migrates a running instance to a new machine with storage data."""

        self._migration(ec2_id, dest, True)


class ServiceCommands(object):
    """Enable and disable running services"""

    @args('--host', dest='host', metavar='<host>', help='Host')
    @args('--service', dest='service', metavar='<service>',
            help='Nova service')
    def list(self, host=None, service=None):
        """
        Show a list of all running services. Filter by host & service name.
        """
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        now = utils.utcnow()
        services = db.service_get_all(ctxt)
        if host:
            services = [s for s in services if s['host'] == host]
        if service:
            services = [s for s in services if s['binary'] == service]
        print_format = "%-16s %-36s %-16s %-10s %-5s %-10s"
        print print_format % (
                    _('Binary'),
                    _('Host'),
                    _('Zone'),
                    _('Status'),
                    _('State'),
                    _('Updated_At'))
        for svc in services:
            delta = now - (svc['updated_at'] or svc['created_at'])
            alive = abs(utils.total_seconds(delta)) <= FLAGS.service_down_time
            art = (alive and ":-)") or "XXX"
            active = 'enabled'
            if svc['disabled']:
                active = 'disabled'
            print print_format % (svc['binary'], svc['host'],
                                  svc['availability_zone'], active, art,
                                  svc['updated_at'])

    @args('--host', dest='host', metavar='<host>', help='Host')
    @args('--service', dest='service', metavar='<service>',
            help='Nova service')
    def enable(self, host, service):
        """Enable scheduling for a service"""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        svc = db.service_get_by_args(ctxt, host, service)
        if not svc:
            print "Unable to find service"
            return
        db.service_update(ctxt, svc['id'], {'disabled': False})

    @args('--host', dest='host', metavar='<host>', help='Host')
    @args('--service', dest='service', metavar='<service>',
            help='Nova service')
    def disable(self, host, service):
        """Disable scheduling for a service"""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        svc = db.service_get_by_args(ctxt, host, service)
        if not svc:
            print "Unable to find service"
            return
        db.service_update(ctxt, svc['id'], {'disabled': True})

    @args('--host', dest='host', metavar='<host>', help='Host')
    def describe_resource(self, host):
        """Describes cpu/memory/hdd info for host."""

        result = rpc.call(context.get_admin_context(),
                     FLAGS.scheduler_topic,
                     {"method": "show_host_resources",
                      "args": {"host": host}})

        if type(result) != dict:
            print _('An unexpected error has occurred.')
            print _('[Result]'), result
        else:
            cpu = result['resource']['vcpus']
            mem = result['resource']['memory_mb']
            hdd = result['resource']['local_gb']
            cpu_u = result['resource']['vcpus_used']
            mem_u = result['resource']['memory_mb_used']
            hdd_u = result['resource']['local_gb_used']

            cpu_sum = 0
            mem_sum = 0
            hdd_sum = 0
            print 'HOST\t\t\tPROJECT\t\tcpu\tmem(mb)\tdisk(gb)'
            print '%s(total)\t\t\t%s\t%s\t%s' % (host, cpu, mem, hdd)
            print '%s(used_now)\t\t\t%s\t%s\t%s' % (host, cpu_u, mem_u, hdd_u)
            for p_id, val in result['usage'].items():
                cpu_sum += val['vcpus']
                mem_sum += val['memory_mb']
                hdd_sum += val['local_gb']
            print '%s(used_max)\t\t\t%s\t%s\t%s' % (host, cpu_sum,
                                                    mem_sum, hdd_sum)

            for p_id, val in result['usage'].items():
                print '%s\t\t%s\t\t%s\t%s\t%s' % (host,
                                                  p_id,
                                                  val['vcpus'],
                                                  val['memory_mb'],
                                                  val['local_gb'])

    @args('--host', dest='host', metavar='<host>', help='Host')
    def update_resource(self, host):
        """Updates available vcpu/memory/disk info for host."""

        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        service_refs = db.service_get_all_by_host(ctxt, host)
        if len(service_refs) <= 0:
            raise exception.Invalid(_('%s does not exist.') % host)

        service_refs = [s for s in service_refs if s['topic'] == 'compute']
        if len(service_refs) <= 0:
            raise exception.Invalid(_('%s is not compute node.') % host)

        rpc.call(ctxt,
                 db.queue_get_for(ctxt, FLAGS.compute_topic, host),
                 {"method": "update_available_resource"})


class HostCommands(object):
    """List hosts"""

    def list(self, zone=None):
        """Show a list of all physical hosts. Filter by zone.
        args: [zone]"""
        print "%-25s\t%-15s" % (_('host'),
                                _('zone'))
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        now = utils.utcnow()
        services = db.service_get_all(ctxt)
        if zone:
            services = [s for s in services if s['availability_zone'] == zone]
        hosts = []
        for srv in services:
            if not [h for h in hosts if h['host'] == srv['host']]:
                hosts.append(srv)

        for h in hosts:
            print "%-25s\t%-15s" % (h['host'], h['availability_zone'])


class DbCommands(object):
    """Class for managing the database."""

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    @args('--version', dest='version', metavar='<version>',
            help='Database version')
    def sync(self, version=None):
        """Sync the database up to the most recent version."""
        return migration.db_sync(version)

    def version(self):
        """Print the current database version."""
        print migration.db_version()


class VersionCommands(object):
    """Class for exposing the codebase version."""

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def list(self):
        print _("%s (%s)") %\
                (version.version_string(), version.version_string_with_vcs())

    def __call__(self):
        self.list()


class VsaCommands(object):
    """Methods for dealing with VSAs"""

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.manager = manager.AuthManager()
        self.vsa_api = vsa.API()
        self.context = context.get_admin_context()

        self._format_str_vsa = "%(id)-5s %(vsa_id)-15s %(name)-25s "\
                    "%(type)-10s %(vcs)-6s %(drives)-9s %(stat)-10s "\
                    "%(az)-10s %(time)-10s"
        self._format_str_volume = "\t%(id)-4s %(name)-15s %(size)-5s "\
                    "%(stat)-10s %(att)-20s %(time)s"
        self._format_str_drive = "\t%(id)-4s %(name)-15s %(size)-5s "\
                    "%(stat)-10s %(host)-20s %(type)-4s %(tname)-10s %(time)s"
        self._format_str_instance = "\t%(id)-4s %(name)-10s %(dname)-20s "\
                    "%(image)-12s %(type)-10s %(fl_ip)-15s %(fx_ip)-15s "\
                    "%(stat)-10s %(host)-15s %(time)s"

    def _print_vsa_header(self):
        print self._format_str_vsa %\
               dict(id=_('ID'),
                    vsa_id=_('vsa_id'),
                    name=_('displayName'),
                    type=_('vc_type'),
                    vcs=_('vc_cnt'),
                    drives=_('drive_cnt'),
                    stat=_('status'),
                    az=_('AZ'),
                    time=_('createTime'))

    def _print_vsa(self, vsa):
        print self._format_str_vsa %\
                dict(id=vsa['id'],
                     vsa_id=vsa['name'],
                     name=vsa['display_name'],
                     type=vsa['vsa_instance_type'].get('name', None),
                     vcs=vsa['vc_count'],
                     drives=vsa['vol_count'],
                     stat=vsa['status'],
                     az=vsa['availability_zone'],
                     time=str(vsa['created_at']))

    def _print_volume_header(self):
        print _('      === Volumes ===')
        print self._format_str_volume %\
                dict(id=_('ID'),
                     name=_('name'),
                     size=_('size'),
                     stat=_('status'),
                     att=_('attachment'),
                     time=_('createTime'))

    def _print_volume(self, vol):
        print self._format_str_volume %\
                dict(id=vol['id'],
                     name=vol['display_name'] or vol['name'],
                     size=vol['size'],
                     stat=vol['status'],
                     att=vol['attach_status'],
                     time=str(vol['created_at']))

    def _print_drive_header(self):
        print _('      === Drives ===')
        print self._format_str_drive %\
                dict(id=_('ID'),
                    name=_('name'),
                    size=_('size'),
                    stat=_('status'),
                    host=_('host'),
                    type=_('type'),
                    tname=_('typeName'),
                    time=_('createTime'))

    def _print_drive(self, drive):
        if drive['volume_type_id'] is not None and drive.get('volume_type'):
            drive_type_name = drive['volume_type'].get('name')
        else:
            drive_type_name = ''

        print self._format_str_drive %\
                dict(id=drive['id'],
                    name=drive['display_name'],
                    size=drive['size'],
                    stat=drive['status'],
                    host=drive['host'],
                    type=drive['volume_type_id'],
                    tname=drive_type_name,
                    time=str(drive['created_at']))

    def _print_instance_header(self):
        print _('      === Instances ===')
        print self._format_str_instance %\
                dict(id=_('ID'),
                    name=_('name'),
                    dname=_('disp_name'),
                    image=_('image'),
                    type=_('type'),
                    fl_ip=_('floating_IP'),
                    fx_ip=_('fixed_IP'),
                    stat=_('status'),
                    host=_('host'),
                    time=_('createTime'))

    def _print_instance(self, vc):

        fixed_addr = None
        floating_addr = None
        if vc['fixed_ips']:
            fixed = vc['fixed_ips'][0]
            fixed_addr = fixed['address']
            if fixed['floating_ips']:
                floating_addr = fixed['floating_ips'][0]['address']
        floating_addr = floating_addr or fixed_addr

        print self._format_str_instance %\
                dict(id=vc['id'],
                    name=ec2utils.id_to_ec2_id(vc['id']),
                    dname=vc['display_name'],
                    image=('ami-%08x' % int(vc['image_ref'])),
                    type=vc['instance_type']['name'],
                    fl_ip=floating_addr,
                    fx_ip=fixed_addr,
                    stat=vc['vm_state'],
                    host=vc['host'],
                    time=str(vc['created_at']))

    def _list(self, context, vsas, print_drives=False,
                    print_volumes=False, print_instances=False):
        if vsas:
            self._print_vsa_header()

        for vsa in vsas:
            self._print_vsa(vsa)
            vsa_id = vsa.get('id')

            if print_instances:
                instances = self.vsa_api.get_all_vsa_instances(context, vsa_id)
                if instances:
                    print
                    self._print_instance_header()
                    for instance in instances:
                        self._print_instance(instance)
                    print

            if print_drives:
                drives = self.vsa_api.get_all_vsa_drives(context, vsa_id)
                if drives:
                    self._print_drive_header()
                    for drive in drives:
                        self._print_drive(drive)
                    print

            if print_volumes:
                volumes = self.vsa_api.get_all_vsa_volumes(context, vsa_id)
                if volumes:
                    self._print_volume_header()
                    for volume in volumes:
                        self._print_volume(volume)
                    print

    @args('--storage', dest='storage',
        metavar="[{'drive_name': 'type', 'num_drives': N, 'size': M},..]",
        help='Initial storage allocation for VSA')
    @args('--name', dest='name', metavar="<name>", help='VSA name')
    @args('--description', dest='description', metavar="<description>",
        help='VSA description')
    @args('--vc', dest='vc_count', metavar="<number>", help='Number of VCs')
    @args('--instance_type', dest='instance_type_name', metavar="<name>",
        help='Instance type name')
    @args('--image', dest='image_name', metavar="<name>", help='Image name')
    @args('--shared', dest='shared', action="store_true", default=False,
        help='Use shared drives')
    @args('--az', dest='az', metavar="<zone:host>", help='Availability zone')
    @args('--user', dest="user_id", metavar='<User name>',
            help='User name')
    @args('--project', dest="project_id", metavar='<Project name>',
            help='Project name')
    def create(self, storage='[]', name=None, description=None, vc_count=1,
                     instance_type_name=None, image_name=None, shared=None,
                     az=None, user_id=None, project_id=None):
        """Create a VSA."""

        if project_id is None:
            try:
                project_id = os.getenv("EC2_ACCESS_KEY").split(':')[1]
            except Exception as exc:
                print _("Failed to retrieve project id: %(exc)s") % exc
                raise

        if user_id is None:
            try:
                project = self.manager.get_project(project_id)
                user_id = project.project_manager_id
            except Exception as exc:
                print _("Failed to retrieve user info: %(exc)s") % exc
                raise

        is_admin = self.manager.is_admin(user_id)
        ctxt = context.RequestContext(user_id, project_id, is_admin)
        if not is_admin and \
           not self.manager.is_project_member(user_id, project_id):
            msg = _("%(user_id)s must be an admin or a "
                    "member of %(project_id)s")
            LOG.warn(msg % locals())
            raise ValueError(msg % locals())

        # Sanity check for storage string
        storage_list = []
        if storage is not None:
            try:
                storage_list = ast.literal_eval(storage)
            except:
                print _("Invalid string format %s") % storage
                raise

            for node in storage_list:
                if ('drive_name' not in node) or ('num_drives' not in node):
                    print (_("Invalid string format for element %s. " \
                            "Expecting keys 'drive_name' & 'num_drives'"),
                            str(node))
                    raise KeyError

        if instance_type_name == '':
            instance_type_name = None
        instance_type = instance_types.get_instance_type_by_name(
                                instance_type_name)

        if image_name == '':
            image_name = None

        if shared in [None, False, "--full_drives"]:
            shared = False
        elif shared in [True, "--shared"]:
            shared = True
        else:
            raise ValueError(_('Shared parameter should be set either to "\
                "--shared or --full_drives'))

        values = {
            'display_name': name,
            'display_description': description,
            'vc_count': int(vc_count),
            'instance_type': instance_type,
            'image_name': image_name,
            'availability_zone': az,
            'storage': storage_list,
            'shared': shared,
            }

        result = self.vsa_api.create(ctxt, **values)
        self._list(ctxt, [result])

    @args('--id', dest='vsa_id', metavar="<vsa_id>", help='VSA ID')
    @args('--name', dest='name', metavar="<name>", help='VSA name')
    @args('--description', dest='description', metavar="<description>",
        help='VSA description')
    @args('--vc', dest='vc_count', metavar="<number>", help='Number of VCs')
    def update(self, vsa_id, name=None, description=None, vc_count=None):
        """Updates name/description of vsa and number of VCs."""

        values = {}
        if name is not None:
            values['display_name'] = name
        if description is not None:
            values['display_description'] = description
        if vc_count is not None:
            values['vc_count'] = int(vc_count)

        vsa_id = ec2utils.ec2_id_to_id(vsa_id)
        result = self.vsa_api.update(self.context, vsa_id=vsa_id, **values)
        self._list(self.context, [result])

    @args('--id', dest='vsa_id', metavar="<vsa_id>", help='VSA ID')
    def delete(self, vsa_id):
        """Delete a VSA."""
        vsa_id = ec2utils.ec2_id_to_id(vsa_id)
        self.vsa_api.delete(self.context, vsa_id)

    @args('--id', dest='vsa_id', metavar="<vsa_id>",
        help='VSA ID (optional)')
    @args('--all', dest='all', action="store_true", default=False,
        help='Show all available details')
    @args('--drives', dest='drives', action="store_true",
        help='Include drive-level details')
    @args('--volumes', dest='volumes', action="store_true",
        help='Include volume-level details')
    @args('--instances', dest='instances', action="store_true",
        help='Include instance-level details')
    def list(self, vsa_id=None, all=False,
             drives=False, volumes=False, instances=False):
        """Describe all available VSAs (or particular one)."""

        vsas = []
        if vsa_id is not None:
            internal_id = ec2utils.ec2_id_to_id(vsa_id)
            vsa = self.vsa_api.get(self.context, internal_id)
            vsas.append(vsa)
        else:
            vsas = self.vsa_api.get_all(self.context)

        if all:
            drives = volumes = instances = True

        self._list(self.context, vsas, drives, volumes, instances)

    def update_capabilities(self):
        """Forces updates capabilities on all nova-volume nodes."""

        rpc.fanout_cast(context.get_admin_context(),
                 FLAGS.volume_topic,
                 {"method": "notification",
                  "args": {"event": "startup"}})


class VsaDriveTypeCommands(object):
    """Methods for dealing with VSA drive types"""

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(VsaDriveTypeCommands, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.context = context.get_admin_context()
        self._drive_type_template = '%s_%sGB_%sRPM'

    def _list(self, drives):
        format_str = "%-5s %-30s %-10s %-10s %-10s %-20s %-10s %s"
        if len(drives):
            print format_str %\
                   (_('ID'),
                    _('name'),
                    _('type'),
                    _('size_gb'),
                    _('rpm'),
                    _('capabilities'),
                    _('visible'),
                    _('createTime'))

        for name, vol_type in drives.iteritems():
            drive = vol_type.get('extra_specs')
            print format_str %\
                (str(vol_type['id']),
                drive['drive_name'],
                drive['drive_type'],
                drive['drive_size'],
                drive['drive_rpm'],
                drive.get('capabilities', ''),
                str(drive.get('visible', '')),
                str(vol_type['created_at']))

    @args('--type', dest='type', metavar="<type>",
        help='Drive type (SATA, SAS, SSD, etc.)')
    @args('--size', dest='size_gb', metavar="<gb>", help='Drive size in GB')
    @args('--rpm', dest='rpm', metavar="<rpm>", help='RPM')
    @args('--capabilities', dest='capabilities', default=None,
        metavar="<string>", help='Different capabilities')
    @args('--hide', dest='hide', action="store_true", default=False,
        help='Show or hide drive')
    @args('--name', dest='name', metavar="<name>", help='Drive name')
    def create(self, type, size_gb, rpm, capabilities=None,
                     hide=False, name=None):
        """Create drive type."""

        hide = True if hide in [True, "True", "--hide", "hide"] else False

        if name is None:
            name = self._drive_type_template % (type, size_gb, rpm)

        extra_specs = {'type': 'vsa_drive',
                       'drive_name': name,
                       'drive_type': type,
                       'drive_size': size_gb,
                       'drive_rpm': rpm,
                       'visible': True,
                       }
        if hide:
            extra_specs['visible'] = False

        if capabilities is not None and capabilities != '':
            extra_specs['capabilities'] = capabilities

        volume_types.create(self.context, name, extra_specs)
        result = volume_types.get_volume_type_by_name(self.context, name)
        self._list({name: result})

    @args('--name', dest='name', metavar="<name>", help='Drive name')
    @args('--purge', action="store_true", dest='purge', default=False,
            help='purge record from database')
    def delete(self, name, purge):
        """Marks instance types / flavors as deleted"""
        try:
            if purge:
                volume_types.purge(self.context, name)
                verb = "purged"
            else:
                volume_types.destroy(self.context, name)
                verb = "deleted"
        except exception.ApiError:
            print "Valid volume type name is required"
            sys.exit(1)
        except exception.DBError, e:
            print "DB Error: %s" % e
            sys.exit(2)
        except:
            sys.exit(3)
        else:
            print "%s %s" % (name, verb)

    @args('--all', dest='all', action="store_true", default=False,
        help='Show all drives (including invisible)')
    @args('--name', dest='name', metavar="<name>",
        help='Show only specified drive')
    def list(self, all=False, name=None):
        """Describe all available VSA drive types (or particular one)."""

        all = False if all in ["--all", False, "False"] else True

        search_opts = {'extra_specs': {'type': 'vsa_drive'}}
        if name is not None:
            search_opts['extra_specs']['name'] = name

        if all == False:
            search_opts['extra_specs']['visible'] = '1'

        drives = volume_types.get_all_types(self.context,
                                            search_opts=search_opts)
        self._list(drives)

    @args('--name', dest='name', metavar="<name>", help='Drive name')
    @args('--type', dest='type', metavar="<type>",
        help='Drive type (SATA, SAS, SSD, etc.)')
    @args('--size', dest='size_gb', metavar="<gb>", help='Drive size in GB')
    @args('--rpm', dest='rpm', metavar="<rpm>", help='RPM')
    @args('--capabilities', dest='capabilities', default=None,
        metavar="<string>", help='Different capabilities')
    @args('--visible', dest='visible',
        metavar="<show|hide>", help='Show or hide drive')
    def update(self, name, type=None, size_gb=None, rpm=None,
                     capabilities=None, visible=None):
        """Update drive type."""

        volume_type = volume_types.get_volume_type_by_name(self.context, name)

        extra_specs = {'type': 'vsa_drive'}

        if type:
            extra_specs['drive_type'] = type

        if size_gb:
            extra_specs['drive_size'] = size_gb

        if rpm:
            extra_specs['drive_rpm'] = rpm

        if capabilities:
            extra_specs['capabilities'] = capabilities

        if visible is not None:
            if visible in ["show", True, "True"]:
                extra_specs['visible'] = True
            elif visible in ["hide", False, "False"]:
                extra_specs['visible'] = False
            else:
                raise ValueError(_('visible parameter should be set to '\
                                   'show or hide'))

        db.api.volume_type_extra_specs_update_or_create(self.context,
                    volume_type['id'],
                    extra_specs)
        result = volume_types.get_volume_type_by_name(self.context, name)
        self._list({name: result})


class VolumeCommands(object):
    """Methods for dealing with a cloud in an odd state"""

    @args('--volume', dest='volume_id', metavar='<volume id>',
            help='Volume ID')
    def delete(self, volume_id):
        """Delete a volume, bypassing the check that it
        must be available."""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        volume = db.volume_get(ctxt, param2id(volume_id))
        host = volume['host']

        if not host:
            print "Volume not yet assigned to host."
            print "Deleting volume from database and skipping rpc."
            db.volume_destroy(ctxt, param2id(volume_id))
            return

        if volume['status'] == 'in-use':
            print "Volume is in-use."
            print "Detach volume from instance and then try again."
            return

        rpc.cast(ctxt,
                 db.queue_get_for(ctxt, FLAGS.volume_topic, host),
                 {"method": "delete_volume",
                  "args": {"volume_id": volume['id']}})

    @args('--volume', dest='volume_id', metavar='<volume id>',
            help='Volume ID')
    def reattach(self, volume_id):
        """Re-attach a volume that has previously been attached
        to an instance.  Typically called after a compute host
        has been rebooted."""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        volume = db.volume_get(ctxt, param2id(volume_id))
        if not volume['instance_id']:
            print "volume is not attached to an instance"
            return
        instance = db.instance_get(ctxt, volume['instance_id'])
        host = instance['host']
        rpc.cast(ctxt,
                 db.queue_get_for(ctxt, FLAGS.compute_topic, host),
                 {"method": "attach_volume",
                  "args": {"instance_id": instance['id'],
                           "volume_id": volume['id'],
                           "mountpoint": volume['mountpoint']}})


class InstanceTypeCommands(object):
    """Class for managing instance types / flavors."""

    def _print_instance_types(self, name, val):
        deleted = ('', ', inactive')[val["deleted"] == 1]
        print ("%s: Memory: %sMB, VCPUS: %s, Storage: %sGB, FlavorID: %s, "
            "Swap: %sMB, RXTX Quota: %sGB, RXTX Cap: %sMB%s") % (
            name, val["memory_mb"], val["vcpus"], val["local_gb"],
            val["flavorid"], val["swap"], val["rxtx_quota"],
            val["rxtx_cap"], deleted)

    @args('--name', dest='name', metavar='<name>',
            help='Name of instance type/flavor')
    @args('--memory', dest='memory', metavar='<memory size>',
            help='Memory size')
    @args('--cpu', dest='vcpus', metavar='<num cores>', help='Number cpus')
    @args('--local_gb', dest='local_gb', metavar='<local_gb>',
            help='local_gb')
    @args('--flavor', dest='flavorid', metavar='<flavor  id>',
            help='Flavor ID')
    @args('--swap', dest='swap', metavar='<swap>', help='Swap')
    @args('--rxtx_quota', dest='rxtx_quota', metavar='<rxtx_quota>',
            help='rxtx_quota')
    @args('--rxtx_cap', dest='rxtx_cap', metavar='<rxtx_cap>',
            help='rxtx_cap')
    def create(self, name, memory, vcpus, local_gb, flavorid,
               swap=0, rxtx_quota=0, rxtx_cap=0):
        """Creates instance types / flavors"""
        try:
            instance_types.create(name, memory, vcpus, local_gb,
                                  flavorid, swap, rxtx_quota, rxtx_cap)
        except exception.InvalidInput, e:
            print "Must supply valid parameters to create instance_type"
            print e
            sys.exit(1)
        except exception.ApiError, e:
            print "\n\n"
            print "\n%s" % e
            print "Please ensure instance_type name and flavorid are unique."
            print "To complete remove a instance_type, use the --purge flag:"
            print "\n     # nova-manage instance_type delete <name> --purge\n"
            print "Currently defined instance_type names and flavorids:"
            self.list("--all")
            sys.exit(2)
        except:
            print "Unknown error"
            sys.exit(3)
        else:
            print "%s created" % name

    @args('--name', dest='name', metavar='<name>',
            help='Name of instance type/flavor')
    @args('--purge', action="store_true", dest='purge', default=False,
            help='purge record from database')
    def delete(self, name, purge):
        """Marks instance types / flavors as deleted"""
        try:
            if purge:
                instance_types.purge(name)
                verb = "purged"
            else:
                instance_types.destroy(name)
                verb = "deleted"
        except exception.ApiError:
            print "Valid instance type name is required"
            sys.exit(1)
        except exception.DBError, e:
            print "DB Error: %s" % e
            sys.exit(2)
        except:
            sys.exit(3)
        else:
            print "%s %s" % (name, verb)

    @args('--name', dest='name', metavar='<name>',
            help='Name of instance type/flavor')
    def list(self, name=None):
        """Lists all active or specific instance types / flavors"""
        try:
            if name is None:
                inst_types = instance_types.get_all_types()
            elif name == "--all":
                inst_types = instance_types.get_all_types(True)
            else:
                inst_types = instance_types.get_instance_type_by_name(name)
        except exception.DBError, e:
            _db_error(e)
        if isinstance(inst_types.values()[0], dict):
            for k, v in inst_types.iteritems():
                self._print_instance_types(k, v)
        else:
            self._print_instance_types(name, inst_types)


class ImageCommands(object):
    """Methods for dealing with a cloud in an odd state"""

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.image_service = image.get_default_image_service()

    def _register(self, container_format, disk_format,
                  path, owner, name=None, is_public='T',
                  architecture='x86_64', kernel_id=None, ramdisk_id=None):
        meta = {'is_public': (is_public == 'T'),
                'name': name,
                'container_format': container_format,
                'disk_format': disk_format,
                'properties': {'image_state': 'available',
                               'project_id': owner,
                               'architecture': architecture,
                               'image_location': 'local'}}
        if kernel_id:
            meta['properties']['kernel_id'] = int(kernel_id)
        if ramdisk_id:
            meta['properties']['ramdisk_id'] = int(ramdisk_id)
        elevated = context.get_admin_context()
        try:
            with open(path) as ifile:
                image = self.image_service.create(elevated, meta, ifile)
            new = image['id']
            print _("Image registered to %(new)s (%(new)08x).") % locals()
            return new
        except Exception as exc:
            print _("Failed to register %(path)s: %(exc)s") % locals()

    @args('--image', dest='image', metavar='<image>', help='Image')
    @args('--kernel', dest='kernel', metavar='<kernel>', help='Kernel')
    @args('--ram', dest='ramdisk', metavar='<ramdisk>', help='RAM disk')
    @args('--owner', dest='owner', metavar='<owner>', help='Image owner')
    @args('--name', dest='name', metavar='<name>', help='Image name')
    @args('--public', dest='is_public', metavar="<'T'|'F'>",
            help='Image public or not')
    @args('--arch', dest='architecture', metavar='<arch>',
            help='Architecture')
    def all_register(self, image, kernel, ramdisk, owner, name=None,
                 is_public='T', architecture='x86_64'):
        """Uploads an image, kernel, and ramdisk into the image_service"""
        kernel_id = self.kernel_register(kernel, owner, None,
                                   is_public, architecture)
        ramdisk_id = self.ramdisk_register(ramdisk, owner, None,
                                    is_public, architecture)
        self.image_register(image, owner, name, is_public,
                            architecture, 'ami', 'ami',
                            kernel_id, ramdisk_id)

    @args('--path', dest='path', metavar='<path>', help='Image path')
    @args('--owner', dest='owner', metavar='<owner>', help='Image owner')
    @args('--name', dest='name', metavar='<name>', help='Image name')
    @args('--public', dest='is_public', metavar="<'T'|'F'>",
            help='Image public or not')
    @args('--arch', dest='architecture', metavar='<arch>',
            help='Architecture')
    @args('--cont_format', dest='container_format',
            metavar='<container format>',
            help='Container format(default bare)')
    @args('--disk_format', dest='disk_format', metavar='<disk format>',
            help='Disk format(default: raw)')
    @args('--kernel', dest='kernel_id', metavar='<kernel>', help='Kernel')
    @args('--ram', dest='ramdisk_id', metavar='<ramdisk>', help='RAM disk')
    def image_register(self, path, owner, name=None, is_public='T',
                       architecture='x86_64', container_format='bare',
                       disk_format='raw', kernel_id=None, ramdisk_id=None):
        """Uploads an image into the image_service"""
        return self._register(container_format, disk_format, path,
                              owner, name, is_public, architecture,
                              kernel_id, ramdisk_id)

    @args('--path', dest='path', metavar='<path>', help='Image path')
    @args('--owner', dest='owner', metavar='<owner>', help='Image owner')
    @args('--name', dest='name', metavar='<name>', help='Image name')
    @args('--public', dest='is_public', metavar="<'T'|'F'>",
            help='Image public or not')
    @args('--arch', dest='architecture', metavar='<arch>',
            help='Architecture')
    def kernel_register(self, path, owner, name=None, is_public='T',
               architecture='x86_64'):
        """Uploads a kernel into the image_service"""
        return self._register('aki', 'aki', path, owner, name,
                              is_public, architecture)

    @args('--path', dest='path', metavar='<path>', help='Image path')
    @args('--owner', dest='owner', metavar='<owner>', help='Image owner')
    @args('--name', dest='name', metavar='<name>', help='Image name')
    @args('--public', dest='is_public', metavar="<'T'|'F'>",
            help='Image public or not')
    @args('--arch', dest='architecture', metavar='<arch>',
            help='Architecture')
    def ramdisk_register(self, path, owner, name=None, is_public='T',
                architecture='x86_64'):
        """Uploads a ramdisk into the image_service"""
        return self._register('ari', 'ari', path, owner, name,
                              is_public, architecture)

    def _lookup(self, old_image_id):
        elevated = context.get_admin_context()
        try:
            internal_id = ec2utils.ec2_id_to_id(old_image_id)
            image = self.image_service.show(elevated, internal_id)
        except (exception.InvalidEc2Id, exception.ImageNotFound):
            image = self.image_service.show_by_name(elevated, old_image_id)
        return image['id']

    def _old_to_new(self, old):
        mapping = {'machine': 'ami',
                   'kernel': 'aki',
                   'ramdisk': 'ari'}
        container_format = mapping[old['type']]
        disk_format = container_format
        if container_format == 'ami' and not old.get('kernelId'):
            container_format = 'bare'
            disk_format = 'raw'
        new = {'disk_format': disk_format,
               'container_format': container_format,
               'is_public': old['isPublic'],
               'name': old['imageId'],
               'properties': {'image_state': old['imageState'],
                              'project_id': old['imageOwnerId'],
                              'architecture': old['architecture'],
                              'image_location': old['imageLocation']}}
        if old.get('kernelId'):
            new['properties']['kernel_id'] = self._lookup(old['kernelId'])
        if old.get('ramdiskId'):
            new['properties']['ramdisk_id'] = self._lookup(old['ramdiskId'])
        return new

    def _convert_images(self, images):
        elevated = context.get_admin_context()
        for image_path, image_metadata in images.iteritems():
            meta = self._old_to_new(image_metadata)
            old = meta['name']
            try:
                with open(image_path) as ifile:
                    image = self.image_service.create(elevated, meta, ifile)
                new = image['id']
                print _("Image %(old)s converted to " \
                        "%(new)s (%(new)08x).") % locals()
            except Exception as exc:
                print _("Failed to convert %(old)s: %(exc)s") % locals()

    @args('--dir', dest='directory', metavar='<path>',
            help='Images directory')
    def convert(self, directory):
        """Uploads old objectstore images in directory to new service"""
        machine_images = {}
        other_images = {}
        directory = os.path.abspath(directory)
        for fn in glob.glob("%s/*/info.json" % directory):
            try:
                image_path = os.path.join(fn.rpartition('/')[0], 'image')
                with open(fn) as metadata_file:
                    image_metadata = json.load(metadata_file)
                if image_metadata['type'] == 'machine':
                    machine_images[image_path] = image_metadata
                else:
                    other_images[image_path] = image_metadata
            except Exception:
                print _("Failed to load %(fn)s.") % locals()
        # NOTE(vish): do kernels and ramdisks first so images
        self._convert_images(other_images)
        self._convert_images(machine_images)


class StorageManagerCommands(object):
    """Class for mangaging Storage Backends and Flavors"""

    def flavor_list(self, flavor=None):
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()

        try:
            if flavor == None:
                flavors = db.sm_flavor_get_all(ctxt)
            else:
                flavors = db.sm_flavor_get(ctxt, flavor)
        except exception.NotFound as ex:
            print "error: %s" % ex
            sys.exit(2)

        print "%-18s\t%-20s\t%s" % (_('id'),
                                    _('Label'),
                                    _('Description'))

        for flav in flavors:
            print "%-18s\t%-20s\t%s" % (
                    flav['id'],
                    flav['label'],
                    flav['description'])

    def flavor_create(self, label, desc):
        # TODO flavor name must be unique
        try:
            db.sm_flavor_create(context.get_admin_context(),
                                dict(label=label,
                                     description=desc))
        except exception.DBError, e:
            _db_error(e)

    def flavor_delete(self, label):
        try:
            db.sm_flavor_delete(context.get_admin_context(), label)

        except exception.DBError, e:
            _db_error(e)

    def _splitfun(self, item):
        i = item.split("=")
        return i[0:2]

    def backend_list(self, backend_conf_id=None):
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()

        try:
            if backend_conf_id == None:
                backends = db.sm_backend_conf_get_all(ctxt)
            else:
                backends = db.sm_backend_conf_get(ctxt, backend_conf_id)

        except exception.NotFound as ex:
            print "error: %s" % ex
            sys.exit(2)

        print "%-5s\t%-10s\t%-40s\t%-10s\t%s" % (_('id'),
                                                      _('Flavor id'),
                                                      _('SR UUID'),
                                                      _('SR Type'),
                                                      _('Config Parameters'),)

        for b in backends:
            print "%-5s\t%-10s\t%-40s\t%-10s\t%s" % (b['id'],
                                                     b['flavor_id'],
                                                     b['sr_uuid'],
                                                     b['sr_type'],
                                                     b['config_params'],)

    def backend_add(self, flavor_label, sr_type, *args):
        # TODO Add backend_introduce.
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        params = dict(map(self._splitfun, args))

        if 'sr_uuid' in params:
            try:
                backend = db.sm_backend_conf_get_by_sr(ctxt,
                                                       params['sr_uuid'])
            except exception.DBError, e:
                _db_error(e)

            if backend:
                if len(backend) > 1:
                    print 'error: Multiple backends found with given sr_uuid'
                    sys.exit(2)

                print 'Backend config found. Would you like to recreate this?'
                print '(WARNING:Recreating will destroy all VDIs on backend!!)'
                c = raw_input('Proceed? (y/n) ')
                if c == 'y' or c == 'Y':
                    try:
                        db.sm_backend_conf_update(ctxt, backend['id'],
                                                  dict(created=False))
                    except exception.DBError, e:
                        _db_error(e)
                return

            else:
                print 'Backend config not found. Would you like to create it?'
                print '(WARNING: Creating will destroy all data on backend!!!)'
                c = raw_input('Proceed? (y/n) ')
                if c != 'y' and c != 'Y':
                    return

        print '(WARNING: Creating will destroy all data on backend!!!)'
        c = raw_input('Proceed? (y/n) ')
        if c == 'y' or c == 'Y':
            if flavor_label == None:
                print "error: backend needs to be associated with flavor"
                sys.exit(2)

            try:
                flavors = db.sm_flavor_get(ctxt, flavor_label)

            except exception.NotFound as ex:
                print "error: %s" % ex
                sys.exit(2)

            config_params = "".join(['%s=%s ' %
                                   (key, params[key]) for key in params])

            try:
                db.sm_backend_conf_create(ctxt,
                                          dict(flavor_id=flavors[0]['id'],
                                               sr_uuid=None,
                                               sr_type=sr_type,
                                               config_params=config_params))
            except exception.DBError, e:
                _db_error(e)

    def backend_remove(self, backend_conf_id):
        try:
            db.sm_backend_conf_delete(context.get_admin_context(),
                                      backend_conf_id)

        except exception.DBError, e:
            _db_error(e)


class AgentBuildCommands(object):
    """Class for managing agent builds."""

    def create(self, os, architecture, version, url, md5hash,
                hypervisor='xen'):
        """Creates a new agent build."""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        agent_build = db.agent_build_create(ctxt,
                                            {'hypervisor': hypervisor,
                                             'os': os,
                                             'architecture': architecture,
                                             'version': version,
                                             'url': url,
                                             'md5hash': md5hash})

    def delete(self, os, architecture, hypervisor='xen'):
        """Deletes an existing agent build."""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        agent_build_ref = db.agent_build_get_by_triple(ctxt,
                                  hypervisor, os, architecture)
        db.agent_build_destroy(ctxt, agent_build_ref['id'])

    def list(self, hypervisor=None):
        """Lists all agent builds.
        arguments: <none>"""
        fmt = "%-10s  %-8s  %12s  %s"
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        by_hypervisor = {}
        for agent_build in db.agent_build_get_all(ctxt):
            buildlist = by_hypervisor.get(agent_build.hypervisor)
            if not buildlist:
                buildlist = by_hypervisor[agent_build.hypervisor] = []

            buildlist.append(agent_build)

        for key, buildlist in by_hypervisor.iteritems():
            if hypervisor and key != hypervisor:
                continue

            print "Hypervisor: %s" % key
            print fmt % ('-' * 10, '-' * 8, '-' * 12, '-' * 32)
            for agent_build in buildlist:
                print fmt % (agent_build.os, agent_build.architecture,
                             agent_build.version, agent_build.md5hash)
                print '    %s' % agent_build.url

            print

    def modify(self, os, architecture, version, url, md5hash,
               hypervisor='xen'):
        """Update an existing agent build."""
        ctxt = context.get_admin_context()
        agent_build_ref = db.agent_build_get_by_triple(ctxt,
                                  hypervisor, os, architecture)
        db.agent_build_update(ctxt, agent_build_ref['id'],
                              {'version': version,
                               'url': url,
                               'md5hash': md5hash})


class ConfigCommands(object):
    """Class for exposing the flags defined by flag_file(s)."""

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def list(self):
        print FLAGS.FlagsIntoString()


CATEGORIES = [
    ('account', AccountCommands),
    ('agent', AgentBuildCommands),
    ('config', ConfigCommands),
    ('db', DbCommands),
    ('drive', VsaDriveTypeCommands),
    ('fixed', FixedIpCommands),
    ('flavor', InstanceTypeCommands),
    ('floating', FloatingIpCommands),
    ('host', HostCommands),
    ('instance_type', InstanceTypeCommands),
    ('image', ImageCommands),
    ('network', NetworkCommands),
    ('project', ProjectCommands),
    ('role', RoleCommands),
    ('service', ServiceCommands),
    ('shell', ShellCommands),
    ('sm', StorageManagerCommands),
    ('user', UserCommands),
    ('version', VersionCommands),
    ('vm', VmCommands),
    ('volume', VolumeCommands),
    ('vpn', VpnCommands),
    ('vsa', VsaCommands)]


def lazy_match(name, key_value_tuples):
    """Finds all objects that have a key that case insensitively contains
    [name] key_value_tuples is a list of tuples of the form (key, value)
    returns a list of tuples of the form (key, value)"""
    result = []
    for (k, v) in key_value_tuples:
        if k.lower().find(name.lower()) == 0:
            result.append((k, v))
    if len(result) == 0:
        print "%s does not match any options:" % name
        for k, _v in key_value_tuples:
            print "\t%s" % k
        sys.exit(2)
    if len(result) > 1:
        print "%s matched multiple options:" % name
        for k, _v in result:
            print "\t%s" % k
        sys.exit(2)
    return result


def methods_of(obj):
    """Get all callable methods of an object that don't start with underscore
    returns a list of tuples of the form (method_name, method)"""
    result = []
    for i in dir(obj):
        if callable(getattr(obj, i)) and not i.startswith('_'):
            result.append((i, getattr(obj, i)))
    return result


def main():
    """Parse options and call the appropriate class/method."""
    utils.default_flagfile()
    argv = FLAGS(sys.argv)
    logging.setup()

    script_name = argv.pop(0)
    if len(argv) < 1:
        print _("\nOpenStack Nova version: %s (%s)\n") %\
                (version.version_string(), version.version_string_with_vcs())
        print script_name + " category action [<args>]"
        print _("Available categories:")
        for k, _v in CATEGORIES:
            print "\t%s" % k
        sys.exit(2)
    category = argv.pop(0)
    matches = lazy_match(category, CATEGORIES)
    # instantiate the command group object
    category, fn = matches[0]
    command_object = fn()
    actions = methods_of(command_object)
    if len(argv) < 1:
        if hasattr(command_object, '__call__'):
            action = ''
            fn = command_object.__call__
        else:
            print script_name + " category action [<args>]"
            print _("Available actions for %s category:") % category
            for k, _v in actions:
                print "\t%s" % k
            sys.exit(2)
    else:
        action = argv.pop(0)
        matches = lazy_match(action, actions)
        action, fn = matches[0]

    # For not decorated methods
    options = getattr(fn, 'options', [])

    usage = "%%prog %s %s <args> [options]" % (category, action)
    parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
    for ar, kw in options:
        parser.add_option(*ar, **kw)
    (opts, fn_args) = parser.parse_args(argv)
    fn_kwargs = vars(opts)

    for k, v in fn_kwargs.items():
        if v is None:
            del fn_kwargs[k]

    # call the action with the remaining arguments
    try:
        fn(*fn_args, **fn_kwargs)
        sys.exit(0)
    except TypeError:
        print _("Possible wrong number of arguments supplied")
        print fn.__doc__
        parser.print_help()
        raise
    except Exception:
        print _("Command failed, please check log for more info")
        raise

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
