# Copyright 2012 OpenStack Foundation
# Copyright 2010 United States Government as represented by the
# Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
# Copyright 2011 - 2012 Justin Santa Barbara
# All Rights Reserved.
#
#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
#    not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
#    a copy of the License at
#
#         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
#    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
#    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
#    under the License.

import calendar
import collections
import grp
import hashlib
import itertools
import os
import pwd
import uuid

from oslo_log import log
from oslo_serialization import jsonutils
from oslo_utils import reflection
from oslo_utils import strutils
from oslo_utils import timeutils
import passlib.hash
import six
from six import moves

from keystone.common import authorization
import keystone.conf
from keystone import exception
from keystone.i18n import _, _LE, _LW


CONF = keystone.conf.CONF
LOG = log.getLogger(__name__)
WHITELISTED_PROPERTIES = [
    'tenant_id', 'project_id', 'user_id',
    'public_bind_host', 'admin_bind_host',
    'compute_host', 'admin_port', 'public_port',
    'public_endpoint', 'admin_endpoint', ]


# NOTE(stevermar): This UUID must stay the same, forever, across
# all of keystone to preserve its value as a URN namespace, which is
# used for ID transformation.
RESOURCE_ID_NAMESPACE = uuid.UUID('4332ecab-770b-4288-a680-b9aca3b1b153')


def resource_uuid(value):
    """Convert input to valid UUID hex digits."""
    try:
        uuid.UUID(value)
        return value
    except ValueError:
        if len(value) <= 64:
            if six.PY2 and isinstance(value, six.text_type):
                value = value.encode('utf-8')
            return uuid.uuid5(RESOURCE_ID_NAMESPACE, value).hex
        raise ValueError(_('Length of transformable resource id > 64, '
                         'which is max allowed characters'))


def flatten_dict(d, parent_key=''):
    """Flatten a nested dictionary.

    Converts a dictionary with nested values to a single level flat
    dictionary, with dotted notation for each key.

    """
    items = []
    for k, v in d.items():
        new_key = parent_key + '.' + k if parent_key else k
        if isinstance(v, collections.MutableMapping):
            items.extend(list(flatten_dict(v, new_key).items()))
        else:
            items.append((new_key, v))
    return dict(items)


def read_cached_file(filename, cache_info, reload_func=None):
    """Read from a file if it has been modified.

    :param cache_info: dictionary to hold opaque cache.
    :param reload_func: optional function to be called with data when
                        file is reloaded due to a modification.

    :returns: data from file.

    """
    mtime = os.path.getmtime(filename)
    if not cache_info or mtime != cache_info.get('mtime'):
        with open(filename) as fap:
            cache_info['data'] = fap.read()
        cache_info['mtime'] = mtime
        if reload_func:
            reload_func(cache_info['data'])
    return cache_info['data']


class SmarterEncoder(jsonutils.json.JSONEncoder):
    """Help for JSON encoding dict-like objects."""

    def default(self, obj):
        if not isinstance(obj, dict) and hasattr(obj, 'iteritems'):
            return dict(obj.iteritems())
        return super(SmarterEncoder, self).default(obj)


class PKIEncoder(SmarterEncoder):
    """Special encoder to make token JSON a bit shorter."""

    item_separator = ','
    key_separator = ':'


def verify_length_and_trunc_password(password):
    """Verify and truncate the provided password to the max_password_length."""
    max_length = CONF.identity.max_password_length
    try:
        if len(password) > max_length:
            if CONF.strict_password_check:
                raise exception.PasswordVerificationError(size=max_length)
            else:
                msg = _LW("Truncating user password to %d characters.")
                LOG.warning(msg, max_length)
                return password[:max_length]
        else:
            return password
    except TypeError:
        raise exception.ValidationError(attribute='string', target='password')


def hash_access_key(access):
    hash_ = hashlib.sha256()
    if not isinstance(access, six.binary_type):
        access = access.encode('utf-8')
    hash_.update(access)
    return hash_.hexdigest()


def hash_user_password(user):
    """Hash a user dict's password without modifying the passed-in dict."""
    password = user.get('password')
    if password is None:
        return user

    return dict(user, password=hash_password(password))


def hash_password(password):
    """Hash a password. Hard."""
    password_utf8 = verify_length_and_trunc_password(password).encode('utf-8')
    return passlib.hash.sha512_crypt.encrypt(
        password_utf8, rounds=CONF.crypt_strength)


def check_password(password, hashed):
    """Check that a plaintext password matches hashed.

    hashpw returns the salt value concatenated with the actual hash value.
    It extracts the actual salt if this value is then passed as the salt.

    """
    if password is None or hashed is None:
        return False
    password_utf8 = verify_length_and_trunc_password(password).encode('utf-8')
    return passlib.hash.sha512_crypt.verify(password_utf8, hashed)


def attr_as_boolean(val_attr):
    """Return the boolean value, decoded from a string.

    We test explicitly for a value meaning False, which can be one of
    several formats as specified in oslo strutils.FALSE_STRINGS.
    All other string values (including an empty string) are treated as
    meaning True.

    """
    return strutils.bool_from_string(val_attr, default=True)


def get_blob_from_credential(credential):
    try:
        blob = jsonutils.loads(credential.blob)
    except (ValueError, TypeError):
        raise exception.ValidationError(
            message=_('Invalid blob in credential'))
    if not blob or not isinstance(blob, dict):
        raise exception.ValidationError(attribute='blob',
                                        target='credential')
    return blob


def convert_ec2_to_v3_credential(ec2credential):
    blob = {'access': ec2credential.access,
            'secret': ec2credential.secret}
    return {'id': hash_access_key(ec2credential.access),
            'user_id': ec2credential.user_id,
            'project_id': ec2credential.tenant_id,
            'blob': jsonutils.dumps(blob),
            'type': 'ec2',
            'extra': jsonutils.dumps({})}


def convert_v3_to_ec2_credential(credential):
    blob = get_blob_from_credential(credential)
    return {'access': blob.get('access'),
            'secret': blob.get('secret'),
            'user_id': credential.user_id,
            'tenant_id': credential.project_id,
            }


def unixtime(dt_obj):
    """Format datetime object as unix timestamp.

    :param dt_obj: datetime.datetime object
    :returns: float

    """
    return calendar.timegm(dt_obj.utctimetuple())


def auth_str_equal(provided, known):
    """Constant-time string comparison.

    :params provided: the first string
    :params known: the second string

    :returns: True if the strings are equal.

    This function takes two strings and compares them.  It is intended to be
    used when doing a comparison for authentication purposes to help guard
    against timing attacks.  When using the function for this purpose, always
    provide the user-provided password as the first argument.  The time this
    function will take is always a factor of the length of this string.
    """
    result = 0
    p_len = len(provided)
    k_len = len(known)
    for i in moves.range(p_len):
        a = ord(provided[i]) if i < p_len else 0
        b = ord(known[i]) if i < k_len else 0
        result |= a ^ b
    return (p_len == k_len) & (result == 0)


def setup_remote_pydev_debug():
    if CONF.pydev_debug_host and CONF.pydev_debug_port:
        try:
            try:
                from pydev import pydevd
            except ImportError:
                import pydevd

            pydevd.settrace(CONF.pydev_debug_host,
                            port=CONF.pydev_debug_port,
                            stdoutToServer=True,
                            stderrToServer=True)
            return True
        except Exception:
            LOG.exception(_LE(
                'Error setting up the debug environment. Verify that the '
                'option --debug-url has the format <host>:<port> and that a '
                'debugger processes is listening on that port.'))
            raise


def get_unix_user(user=None):
    """Get the uid and user name.

    This is a convenience utility which accepts a variety of input
    which might represent a unix user. If successful it returns the uid
    and name. Valid input is:

    string
        A string is first considered to be a user name and a lookup is
        attempted under that name. If no name is found then an attempt
        is made to convert the string to an integer and perform a
        lookup as a uid.

    int
        An integer is interpreted as a uid.

    None
        None is interpreted to mean use the current process's
        effective user.

    If the input is a valid type but no user is found a KeyError is
    raised. If the input is not a valid type a TypeError is raised.

    :param object user: string, int or None specifying the user to
                        lookup.

    :returns: tuple of (uid, name)

    """
    if isinstance(user, six.string_types):
        try:
            user_info = pwd.getpwnam(user)
        except KeyError:
            try:
                i = int(user)
            except ValueError:
                raise KeyError("user name '%s' not found" % user)
            try:
                user_info = pwd.getpwuid(i)
            except KeyError:
                raise KeyError("user id %d not found" % i)
    elif isinstance(user, int):
        try:
            user_info = pwd.getpwuid(user)
        except KeyError:
            raise KeyError("user id %d not found" % user)
    elif user is None:
        user_info = pwd.getpwuid(os.geteuid())
    else:
        user_cls_name = reflection.get_class_name(user,
                                                  fully_qualified=False)
        raise TypeError('user must be string, int or None; not %s (%r)' %
                        (user_cls_name, user))

    return user_info.pw_uid, user_info.pw_name


def get_unix_group(group=None):
    """Get the gid and group name.

    This is a convenience utility which accepts a variety of input
    which might represent a unix group. If successful it returns the gid
    and name. Valid input is:

    string
        A string is first considered to be a group name and a lookup is
        attempted under that name. If no name is found then an attempt
        is made to convert the string to an integer and perform a
        lookup as a gid.

    int
        An integer is interpreted as a gid.

    None
        None is interpreted to mean use the current process's
        effective group.

    If the input is a valid type but no group is found a KeyError is
    raised. If the input is not a valid type a TypeError is raised.


    :param object group: string, int or None specifying the group to
                         lookup.

    :returns: tuple of (gid, name)

    """
    if isinstance(group, six.string_types):
        try:
            group_info = grp.getgrnam(group)
        except KeyError:
            # Was an int passed as a string?
            # Try converting to int and lookup by id instead.
            try:
                i = int(group)
            except ValueError:
                raise KeyError("group name '%s' not found" % group)
            try:
                group_info = grp.getgrgid(i)
            except KeyError:
                raise KeyError("group id %d not found" % i)
    elif isinstance(group, int):
        try:
            group_info = grp.getgrgid(group)
        except KeyError:
            raise KeyError("group id %d not found" % group)
    elif group is None:
        group_info = grp.getgrgid(os.getegid())
    else:
        group_cls_name = reflection.get_class_name(group,
                                                   fully_qualified=False)
        raise TypeError('group must be string, int or None; not %s (%r)' %
                        (group_cls_name, group))

    return group_info.gr_gid, group_info.gr_name


def set_permissions(path, mode=None, user=None, group=None, log=None):
    """Set the ownership and permissions on the pathname.

    Each of the mode, user and group are optional, if None then
    that aspect is not modified.

    Owner and group may be specified either with a symbolic name
    or numeric id.

    :param string path: Pathname of directory whose existence is assured.
    :param object mode: ownership permissions flags (int) i.e. chmod,
                        if None do not set.
    :param object user: set user, name (string) or uid (integer),
                         if None do not set.
    :param object group: set group, name (string) or gid (integer)
                         if None do not set.
    :param logger log: logging.logger object, used to emit log messages,
                       if None no logging is performed.

    """
    if user is None:
        user_uid, user_name = None, None
    else:
        user_uid, user_name = get_unix_user(user)

    if group is None:
        group_gid, group_name = None, None
    else:
        group_gid, group_name = get_unix_group(group)

    if log:
        if mode is None:
            mode_string = str(mode)
        else:
            mode_string = oct(mode)
        log.debug("set_permissions: "
                  "path='%s' mode=%s user=%s(%s) group=%s(%s)",
                  path, mode_string,
                  user_name, user_uid, group_name, group_gid)

    # Change user and group if specified
    if user_uid is not None or group_gid is not None:
        if user_uid is None:
            user_uid = -1
        if group_gid is None:
            group_gid = -1
        try:
            os.chown(path, user_uid, group_gid)
        except OSError as exc:
            raise EnvironmentError("chown('%s', %s, %s): %s" %
                                   (path,
                                    user_name, group_name,
                                    exc.strerror))

    # Change permission flags
    if mode is not None:
        try:
            os.chmod(path, mode)
        except OSError as exc:
            raise EnvironmentError("chmod('%s', %#o): %s" %
                                   (path, mode, exc.strerror))


def make_dirs(path, mode=None, user=None, group=None, log=None):
    """Assure directory exists, set ownership and permissions.

    Assure the directory exists and optionally set its ownership
    and permissions.

    Each of the mode, user and group are optional, if None then
    that aspect is not modified.

    Owner and group may be specified either with a symbolic name
    or numeric id.

    :param string path: Pathname of directory whose existence is assured.
    :param object mode: ownership permissions flags (int) i.e. chmod,
                        if None do not set.
    :param object user: set user, name (string) or uid (integer),
                        if None do not set.
    :param object group: set group, name (string) or gid (integer)
                         if None do not set.
    :param logger log: logging.logger object, used to emit log messages,
                       if None no logging is performed.

    """
    if log:
        if mode is None:
            mode_string = str(mode)
        else:
            mode_string = oct(mode)
        log.debug("make_dirs path='%s' mode=%s user=%s group=%s",
                  path, mode_string, user, group)

    if not os.path.exists(path):
        try:
            os.makedirs(path)
        except OSError as exc:
            raise EnvironmentError("makedirs('%s'): %s" % (path, exc.strerror))

    set_permissions(path, mode, user, group, log)


class WhiteListedItemFilter(object):

    def __init__(self, whitelist, data):
        self._whitelist = set(whitelist or [])
        self._data = data

    def __getitem__(self, name):
        """Evaluation on an item access."""
        if name not in self._whitelist:
            raise KeyError
        return self._data[name]


_ISO8601_TIME_FORMAT_SUBSECOND = '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f'
_ISO8601_TIME_FORMAT = '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S'


def isotime(at=None, subsecond=False):
    """Stringify time in ISO 8601 format."""
    # Python provides a similar instance method for datetime.datetime objects
    # called isoformat(). The format of the strings generated by isoformat()
    # have a couple of problems:
    # 1) The strings generated by isotime are used in tokens and other public
    #    APIs that we can't change without a deprecation period. The strings
    #    generated by isoformat are not the same format, so we can't just
    #    change to it.
    # 2) The strings generated by isoformat do not include the microseconds if
    #    the value happens to be 0. This will likely show up as random failures
    #    as parsers may be written to always expect microseconds, and it will
    #    parse correctly most of the time.

    if not at:
        at = timeutils.utcnow()
    st = at.strftime(_ISO8601_TIME_FORMAT
                     if not subsecond
                     else _ISO8601_TIME_FORMAT_SUBSECOND)
    tz = at.tzinfo.tzname(None) if at.tzinfo else 'UTC'
    st += ('Z' if tz == 'UTC' else tz)
    return st


def strtime():
    at = timeutils.utcnow()
    return at.strftime(timeutils.PERFECT_TIME_FORMAT)


def get_token_ref(context):
    """Retrieve KeystoneToken object from the auth context and returns it.

    :param dict context: The request context.
    :raises keystone.exception.Unauthorized: If auth context cannot be found.
    :returns: The KeystoneToken object.
    """
    try:
        # Retrieve the auth context that was prepared by AuthContextMiddleware.
        auth_context = (context['environment']
                        [authorization.AUTH_CONTEXT_ENV])
        return auth_context['token']
    except KeyError:
        LOG.warning(_LW("Couldn't find the auth context."))
        raise exception.Unauthorized()


URL_RESERVED_CHARS = ":/?#[]@!$&'()*+,;="


def is_not_url_safe(name):
    """Check if a string contains any url reserved characters."""
    return len(list_url_unsafe_chars(name)) > 0


def list_url_unsafe_chars(name):
    """Return a list of the reserved characters."""
    reserved_chars = ''
    for i in name:
        if i in URL_RESERVED_CHARS:
            reserved_chars += i
    return reserved_chars


def lower_case_hostname(url):
    """Change the URL's hostname to lowercase."""
    # NOTE(gyee): according to
    # https://www.w3.org/TR/WD-html40-970708/htmlweb.html, the netloc portion
    # of the URL is case-insensitive
    parsed = moves.urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
    # Note: _replace method for named tuples is public and defined in docs
    replaced = parsed._replace(netloc=parsed.netloc.lower())
    return moves.urllib.parse.urlunparse(replaced)


def remove_standard_port(url):
    # remove the default ports specified in RFC2616 and 2818
    o = moves.urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
    separator = ':'
    (host, separator, port) = o.netloc.partition(':')
    if o.scheme.lower() == 'http' and port == '80':
        # NOTE(gyee): _replace() is not a private method. It has
        # an underscore prefix to prevent conflict with field names.
        # See https://docs.python.org/2/library/collections.html#
        # collections.namedtuple
        o = o._replace(netloc=host)
    if o.scheme.lower() == 'https' and port == '443':
        o = o._replace(netloc=host)

    return moves.urllib.parse.urlunparse(o)


def format_url(url, substitutions, silent_keyerror_failures=None):
    """Format a user-defined URL with the given substitutions.

    :param string url: the URL to be formatted
    :param dict substitutions: the dictionary used for substitution
    :param list silent_keyerror_failures: keys for which we should be silent
        if there is a KeyError exception on substitution attempt
    :returns: a formatted URL

    """
    substitutions = WhiteListedItemFilter(
        WHITELISTED_PROPERTIES,
        substitutions)
    allow_keyerror = silent_keyerror_failures or []
    try:
        result = url.replace('$(', '%(') % substitutions
    except AttributeError:
        msg = _LE("Malformed endpoint - %(url)r is not a string")
        LOG.error(msg, {"url": url})
        raise exception.MalformedEndpoint(endpoint=url)
    except KeyError as e:
        if not e.args or e.args[0] not in allow_keyerror:
            msg = _LE("Malformed endpoint %(url)s - unknown key "
                      "%(keyerror)s")
            LOG.error(msg, {"url": url, "keyerror": e})
            raise exception.MalformedEndpoint(endpoint=url)
        else:
            result = None
    except TypeError as e:
        msg = _LE("Malformed endpoint '%(url)s'. The following type error "
                  "occurred during string substitution: %(typeerror)s")
        LOG.error(msg, {"url": url, "typeerror": e})
        raise exception.MalformedEndpoint(endpoint=url)
    except ValueError as e:
        msg = _LE("Malformed endpoint %s - incomplete format "
                  "(are you missing a type notifier ?)")
        LOG.error(msg, url)
        raise exception.MalformedEndpoint(endpoint=url)
    return result


def check_endpoint_url(url):
    """Check substitution of url.

    The invalid urls are as follows:
    urls with substitutions that is not in the whitelist

    Check the substitutions in the URL to make sure they are valid
    and on the whitelist.

    :param str url: the URL to validate
    :rtype: None
    :raises keystone.exception.URLValidationError: if the URL is invalid
    """
    # check whether the property in the path is exactly the same
    # with that in the whitelist below
    substitutions = dict(zip(WHITELISTED_PROPERTIES, itertools.repeat('')))
    try:
        url.replace('$(', '%(') % substitutions
    except (KeyError, TypeError, ValueError):
        raise exception.URLValidationError(url)
