Managing your cloud¶

Adding an image using the Dashboard¶

In order to add an image using the Dashboard, prepare an image binary file, which must be accessible over HTTP using a valid and direct URL. Images can be compressed using .zip or .tar.gz.

1. Log in to the Dashboard.
2. Select the Admin tab in the navigation pane and click images.
3. Click the Create Image button. The Create an Image dialog box will appear.
4. Enter the details of the image, including the Image Location, which is where the URL location of the image is required.
5. Click the Create Image button. The newly created image may take some time before it is completely uploaded since the image arrives in an image queue.

Adding an image using the command line¶

The utility container provides a CLI environment for additional configuration and management.

1. Access the utility container:

   $ lxc-attach -n `lxc-ls -1 | grep utility | head -n 1`
   

Use the openstack client within the utility container to manage all glance images. See the openstack client official documentation on managing images.

Creating an instance using the Dashboard¶

Using an image, create a new instance via the Dashboard options.

1. Log into the Dashboard, and select the Compute project from the drop down list.

2. Click the Images option.

3. Locate the image that will act as the instance base from the Images table.

4. Click Launch from the Actions column.

5. Check the Launch Instances dialog, and find the details tab. Enter the appropriate values for the instance.

   1. In the Launch Instance dialog, click the Access & Security tab. Select the keypair. Set the security group as “default”.

   2. Click the Networking tab. This tab will be unavailable if OpenStack networking (neutron) has not been enabled. If networking is enabled, select the networks on which the instance will reside.

   3. Click the Volume Options tab. This tab will only be available if a Block Storage volume exists for the instance. Select Don’t boot from a volume for now.

      For more information on attaching Block Storage volumes to instances for persistent storage, see the Managing volumes for persistent storage section below.

   4. Add customisation scripts, if needed, by clicking the Post-Creation tab. These run after the instance has been created. Some instances support user data, such as root passwords, or admin users. Enter the information specific to the instance here if required.

   5. Click Advanced Options. Specify whether the instance uses a configuration drive to store metadata by selecting a disk partition type.

6. Click Launch to create the instance. The instance will start on a compute node. The Instance page will open and start creating a new instance. The Instance page that opens will list the instance name, size, status, and task. Power state and public and private IP addresses are also listed here.

   The process will take less than a minute to complete. Instance creation is complete when the status is listed as active. Refresh the page to see the new active instance.

   Launching an instance options¶

   Field Name	Required	Details
   Availability Zone	Optional	The availability zone in which the image service creates the instance. If no availability zones is defined, no instances will be found. The cloud provider sets the availability zone to a specific value.
   Instance Name	Required	The name of the new instance, which becomes the initial host name of the server. If the server name is changed in the API or directly changed, the Dashboard names remain unchanged
   Image	Required	The type of container format, one of ami, ari, aki, bare, or ovf
   Flavor	Required	The vCPU, Memory, and Disk configuration. Note that larger flavors can take a long time to create. If creating an instance for the first time and want something small with which to test, select m1.small.
   Instance Count	Required	If creating multiple instances with this configuration, enter an integer up to the number permitted by the quota, which is 10 by default.
   Instance Boot Source	Required	Specify whether the instance will be based on an image or a snapshot. If it is the first time creating an instance, there will not yet be any snapshots available.
   Image Name	Required	The instance will boot from the selected image. This option will be pre-populated with the instance selected from the table. However, choose Boot from Snapshot in Instance Boot Source, and it will default to Snapshot instead.
   Security Groups	Optional	This option assigns security groups to an instance. The default security group activates when no customised group is specified here. Security Groups, similar to a cloud firewall, define which incoming network traffic is forwarded to instances.
   Keypair	Optional	Specify a key pair with this option. If the image uses a static key set (not recommended), a key pair is not needed.
   Selected Networks	Optional	To add a network to an instance, click the + in the Networks field.
   Customisation Script	Optional	Specify a customisation script. This script runs after the instance launches and becomes active.

Creating an instance using the command line¶

On the command line, instance creation is managed with the openstack server create command. Before launching an instance, determine what images and flavors are available to create a new instance using the openstack image list and openstack flavor list commands.

1. Log in to any utility container.

2. Issue the openstack server create command with a name for the instance, along with the name of the image and flavor to use:

   $ openstack server create --image precise-image --flavor 2 --key-name example-key example-instance
   +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
   |               Property              |                Value                 |
   +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
   |          OS-DCF:diskConfig          |                MANUAL                |
   |         OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host        |                 None                 |
   | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname |                 None                 |
   |    OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name    |          instance-0000000d           |
   |        OS-EXT-STS:power_state       |                  0                   |
   |        OS-EXT-STS:task_state        |              scheduling              |
   |         OS-EXT-STS:vm_state         |               building               |
   |              accessIPv4             |                                      |
   |              accessIPv6             |                                      |
   |              adminPass              |             ATSEfRY9fZPx             |
   |             config_drive            |                                      |
   |               created               |         2012-08-02T15:43:46Z         |
   |                flavor               |               m1.small               |
   |                hostId               |                                      |
   |                  id                 | 5bf46a3b-084c-4ce1-b06f-e460e875075b |
   |                image                |             precise-image            |
   |               key_name              |              example-key             |
   |               metadata              |                  {}                  |
   |                 name                |           example-instance           |
   |               progress              |                  0                   |
   |                status               |                BUILD                 |
   |              tenant_id              |   b4769145977045e2a9279c842b09be6a   |
   |               updated               |         2012-08-02T15:43:46Z         |
   |               user_id               |   5f2f2c28bdc844f9845251290b524e80   |
   +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
   

3. To check that the instance was created successfully, issue the openstack server list command:

   $ openstack server list
   +------------------+------------------+--------+-------------------+---------------+
   |        ID        |       Name       | Status |      Networks     |   Image Name  |
   +------------------+------------------+--------+-------------------+---------------+
   | [ID truncated]   | example-instance | ACTIVE |  public=192.0.2.0 | precise-image |
   +------------------+------------------+--------+-------------------+---------------+
   

Managing an instance¶

1. Log in to the Dashboard. Select one of the projects, and click Instances.
2. Select an instance from the list of available instances.
3. Check the Actions column, and click on the More option. Select the instance state.

The Actions column includes the following options:

• Resize or rebuild any instance
• View the instance console log
• Edit the instance
• Modify security groups
• Pause, resume, or suspend the instance
• Soft or hard reset the instance

Managing volumes for persistent storage¶

Volumes attach to instances, enabling persistent storage. Volume storage provides a source of memory for instances. Administrators can attach volumes to a running instance, or move a volume from one instance to another.

Nova instances live migration¶

Nova is capable of live migration instances from one host to a different host to support various operational tasks including:

• Host Maintenance
• Host capacity management
• Resizing and moving instances to better hardware

nova_force_config_drive: False

nova_nova_conf_overrides:
  DEFAULT:
    config_drive_format: vfat
    force_config_drive: false

live_migration_uri = "qemu+ssh://nova@%s/system?no_verify=1&keyfile={{ nova_system_home_folder }}/.ssh/id_rsa"

nova_nova_conf_overrides:
  libvirt:
    live_migration_completion_timeout: 0
    live_migration_progress_timeout: 0
    live_migration_uri: "qemu+ssh://nova@%s/system?keyfile=/var/lib/nova/.ssh/id_rsa&no_verify=1"

nova live-migration [--block-migrate] [--force] <uuid> [<host>]

nova live-migration --block-migrate <uuid of the instance> <nova host>

nova migration-list

+-----+------------+-----------+----------------+--------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+-----------------+
| Id | Source Node | Dest Node | Source Compute | Dest Compute | Dest Host | Status    | Instance UUID | Old Flavor | New Flavor | Created At | Updated At | Type            |
+----+-------------+-----------+----------------+--------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+-----------------+
| 6  | -           | -         | compute01      | compute02    | -         | preparing | f95ee17a-d09c | 7          | 7          | date       | date       | live-migration  |
+----+-------------+-----------+----------------+--------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+-----------------+

nova migration-list --status error

Add provider bridges using new network interfaces¶

Add each provider network to your cloud to be made known to OpenStack-Ansible and the operating system before you can execute the necessary playbooks to complete the configuration.

# openstack-ansible containers-deploy.yml --limit localhost,infra01,infra01-host_containers
# openstack-ansible containers-deploy.yml --limit localhost,infra02,infra02-host_containers
# openstack-ansible containers-deploy.yml --limit localhost,infra03,infra03-host_containers

# openstack-ansible os-neutron-install.yml --limit localhost,infra01,infra01-host_containers
# openstack-ansible os-neutron-install.yml --limit localhost,infra02,infra02-host_containers
# openstack-ansible os-neutron-install.yml --limit localhost,infra03,infra03-host_containers

Remove provider bridges from OpenStack¶

Similar to adding a provider network, the removal process uses the same procedure but in a reversed order. The Neutron ports will need to be removed, prior to the removal of the OpenStack-Ansible configuration.

1. Unassign all Neutron floating IPs:

   Note

   Export the Neutron network that is about to be removed as single UUID.

   export NETWORK_UUID=<uuid>
   for p in $( neutron port-list -c id --device_owner compute:nova --network_id=${NETWORK_UUID}| awk '/([A-Fa-f0-9]+-){3}/ {print $2}' ); do
     floatid=$( neutron floatingip-list -c id --port_id=$p | awk '/([A-Fa-z0-9]+-){3}/ { print $2 }' )
     if [ -n "$floatid" ]; then
       echo "Disassociating floating IP $floatid from port $p"
       neutron floatingip-disassociate $floatid
     fi
   done
   

2. Remove all Neutron ports from the instances:

   export NETWORK_UUID=<uuid>
   for p in $( neutron port-list -c id -c device_id --device_owner compute:nova --network_id=${NETWORK_UUID}| awk '/([A-Fa-f0-9]+-){3}/ {print $2}' ); do
     echo "Removing Neutron compute port $p"
     neutron port-delete $p
   done
   

3. Remove Neutron router ports and DHCP agents:

   export NETWORK_UUID=<uuid>
   for line in $( neutron port-list -c id -c device_id --device_owner network:router_interface --network_id=${NETWORK_UUID}| awk '/([A-Fa-f0-9]+-){3}/ {print $2 "+" $4}' ); do
     p=$( echo "$line"| cut -d'+' -f1 ); r=$( echo "$line"| cut -d'+' -f2 )
     echo "Removing Neutron router port $p from $r"
     neutron router-interface-delete $r port=$p
   done
   
   for agent in $( neutron agent-list -c id --agent_type='DHCP Agent' --network_id=${NETWORK_UUID}| awk '/([A-Fa-f0-9]+-){3}/ {print $2}' ); do
     echo "Remove network $NETWORK_UUID from Neutron DHCP Agent $agent"
     neutron dhcp-agent-network-remove "${agent}" $NETWORK_UUID
   done
   

4. Remove the Neutron network:

   export NETWORK_UUID=<uuid>
   neutron net-delete $NETWORK_UUID
   

5. Remove the provider network from the provider_networks configuration of the OpenStack-Ansible configuration /etc/openstack_deploy/openstack_user_config.yml and re-run the following playbooks:

   # openstack-ansible lxc-containers-create.yml --limit infra01:infra01-host_containers
   # openstack-ansible lxc-containers-create.yml --limit infra02:infra02-host_containers
   # openstack-ansible lxc-containers-create.yml --limit infra03:infra03-host_containers
   # openstack-ansible os-neutron-install.yml --tags neutron-config
   

Restart a Networking agent container¶

Under some circumstances, configuration or temporary issues, one specific or all neutron agents container need to be restarted.

This can be accomplished with multiple commands:

1. Example of rebooting still accessible containers.

   This example will issue a reboot to the container named with neutron_agents_container_hostname_name from inside:

   # ansible -m shell neutron_agents_container_hostname_name -a 'reboot'
   

2. Example of rebooting one container at a time, 60 seconds apart:

   # ansible -m shell neutron_agents_container -a 'sleep 60; reboot' --forks 1
   

3. If the container does not respond, it can be restarted from the physical network host:

   # ansible -m shell network_hosts -a 'for c in $(lxc-ls -1 |grep neutron_agents_container); do lxc-stop -n $c && lxc-start -d -n $c; done' --forks 1