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Security Headers¶
Security headers are HTTP headers that can be used to increase the security of a web application by restricting what modern browsers are able to run.
In OpenStack-Ansible, security headers are implemented in haproxy as all the public endpoints reside behind it.
The following headers are enabled by default on all the haproxy interfaces that implement TLS, but only for the Horizon service. The security headers can be implemented on other haproxy services, but only services used by browsers will make use of the headers.
HTTP Strict Transport Security¶
The OpenStack TLS Security Guide recommends that all production deployments use HTTP strict transport security (HSTS).
By design, this header is difficult to disable once set. It is recommended that during testing you set a short time of 1 day and after testing increase the time to 1 year.
To change the default max age to 1 day, override the variable
haproxy_security_headers_max_age in the
/etc/openstack_deploy/user_variables.yml file:
haproxy_security_headers_max_age: 86400
If you would like your domain included in the HSTS preload list, which is built
into browsers, before submitting your request to be added to the HSTS preload
list you must add the preload token to your response header. The preload
token indicates to the maintainers of HSTS preload list that you are happy to
have your site included.
- "http-response set-header Strict-Transport-Security \"max-age={{ haproxy_security_headers_max_age }}; includeSubDomains; preload;\""
X-Content-Type-Options¶
The X-Content-Type-Options header prevents MIME type sniffing.
This functionality can be changed by overriding the list of headers in
haproxy_security_headers variable in the
/etc/openstack_deploy/user_variables.yml file.
Referrer Policy¶
The Referrer-Policy header controls how much referrer information is sent
with requests. It defaults to same-origin, which does not send the origin
path for cross-origin requests.
This functionality can be changed by overriding the list of headers in
haproxy_security_headers variable in the
/etc/openstack_deploy/user_variables.yml file.
Permission Policy¶
The Permissions-Policy header allows you to selectively enable, disable or
modify the use of browser features and APIs, previously known as Feature Policy.
By default this header is set to block access to all features apart from the following from the same origin; fullscreen, clipboard read, clipboard write and spatial navigation.
This functionality can be changed by overriding the list of headers in
haproxy_security_headers variable in the
/etc/openstack_deploy/user_variables.yml file.
Content Security Policy (CSP)¶
The Content-Security-Policy header allows you to control what resources a
browser is allowed to load for a given page, which helps to mitigate the risks
from Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and data injection attacks.
By default, the Content Security Policy (CSP) enables a minimum set of resources
to allow Horizon to work, which includes access the Nova console. If you require
access to other resources these can be set by overriding the
haproxy_security_headers_csp variable in the
/etc/openstack_deploy/user_variables.yml file.
Report Only¶
Implementing CSP could lead to broken content if a browser is blocked from
accessing certain resources, therefore it is recommended that when testing CSP
you use the Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only header, instead of
Content-Security-Policy, this reports CSP violations to the browser console,
but does not enforce the policy.
To set the CSP policy to report only by overriding the
haproxy_security_headers_csp_report_only variable to True in the
/etc/openstack_deploy/user_variables.yml file:
haproxy_security_headers_csp_report_only: True
Reporting Violations¶
It is recommended that you monitor attempted CSP violations in production, this
is achieved by setting the report-uri and report-to tokens.
Federated Login¶
When using federated login you will need to override the default Content
Security Policy to allow access to your authorisation server by overriding the
haproxy_horizon_csp variable in the
/etc/openstack_deploy/user_variables.yml file:
haproxy_horizon_csp: "http-response set-header Content-Security-Policy \"default-src 'self'; frame-ancestors 'self'; form-action 'self' {{ external_lb_vip_address }}:5000 <YOUR-AUTHORISATION-SERVER-ORIGIN>; upgrade-insecure-requests; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'; child-src 'self' {{ external_lb_vip_address }}:{{ nova_console_port }}; frame-src 'self' {{ external_lb_vip_address }}:{{ nova_console_port }};\""
