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Compute Node Failures and Maintenance¶
Sometimes a compute node either crashes unexpectedly or requires a reboot for maintenance reasons.
Planned Maintenance¶
If you need to reboot a compute node due to planned maintenance, such as a software or hardware upgrade, perform the following steps:
Disable scheduling of new VMs to the node, optionally providing a reason comment:
# openstack compute service set --disable --disable-reason \ maintenance c01.example.com nova-compute
Verify that all hosted instances have been moved off the node:
If your cloud is using a shared storage:
Get a list of instances that need to be moved:
# openstack server list --host c01.example.com --all-projects
Migrate all instances one by one:
# openstack server migrate <uuid> --live c02.example.com
If your cloud is not using a shared storage, run:
# openstack server migrate <uuid> --live --block-migration c02.example.com
Stop the
nova-computeservice:# stop nova-compute
If you use a configuration-management system, such as Puppet, that ensures the
nova-computeservice is always running, you can temporarily move theinitfiles:# mkdir /root/tmp # mv /etc/init/nova-compute.conf /root/tmp # mv /etc/init.d/nova-compute /root/tmp
Shut down your compute node, perform the maintenance, and turn the node back on.
Start the
nova-computeservice:# start nova-compute
You can re-enable the
nova-computeservice by undoing the commands:# mv /root/tmp/nova-compute.conf /etc/init # mv /root/tmp/nova-compute /etc/init.d/
Enable scheduling of VMs to the node:
# openstack compute service set --enable c01.example.com nova-compute
Optionally, migrate the instances back to their original compute node.
After a Compute Node Reboots¶
When you reboot a compute node, first verify that it booted
successfully. This includes ensuring that the nova-compute service
is running:
# ps aux | grep nova-compute
# status nova-compute
Also ensure that it has successfully connected to the AMQP server:
# grep AMQP /var/log/nova/nova-compute.log
2013-02-26 09:51:31 12427 INFO nova.openstack.common.rpc.common [-] Connected to AMQP server on 199.116.232.36:5672
After the compute node is successfully running, you must deal with the instances that are hosted on that compute node because none of them are running. Depending on your SLA with your users or customers, you might have to start each instance and ensure that they start correctly.
Instances¶
You can create a list of instances that are hosted on the compute node by performing the following command:
# openstack server list --host c01.example.com --all-projects
After you have the list, you can use the openstack command to start each instance:
# openstack server reboot <server>
Note
Any time an instance shuts down unexpectedly, it might have problems
on boot. For example, the instance might require an fsck on the
root partition. If this happens, the user can use the dashboard VNC
console to fix this.
If an instance does not boot, meaning virsh list never shows the
instance as even attempting to boot, do the following on the compute
node:
# tail -f /var/log/nova/nova-compute.log
Try executing the openstack server reboot command again. You should see an error message about why the instance was not able to boot.
In most cases, the error is the result of something in libvirt’s XML
file (/etc/libvirt/qemu/instance-xxxxxxxx.xml) that no longer
exists. You can enforce re-creation of the XML file as well as rebooting
the instance by running the following command:
# openstack server reboot --hard <server>
Inspecting and Recovering Data from Failed Instances¶
In some scenarios, instances are running but are inaccessible through SSH and do not respond to any command. The VNC console could be displaying a boot failure or kernel panic error messages. This could be an indication of file system corruption on the VM itself. If you need to recover files or inspect the content of the instance, qemu-nbd can be used to mount the disk.
Warning
If you access or view the user’s content and data, get approval first!
To access the instance’s disk
(/var/lib/nova/instances/instance-xxxxxx/disk), use the following
steps:
Suspend the instance using the
virshcommand.Connect the qemu-nbd device to the disk.
Mount the qemu-nbd device.
Unmount the device after inspecting.
Disconnect the qemu-nbd device.
Resume the instance.
If you do not follow last three steps, OpenStack Compute cannot manage the instance any longer. It fails to respond to any command issued by OpenStack Compute, and it is marked as shut down.
Once you mount the disk file, you should be able to access it and treat it as a collection of normal directories with files and a directory structure. However, we do not recommend that you edit or touch any files because this could change the access control lists (ACLs) that are used to determine which accounts can perform what operations on files and directories. Changing ACLs can make the instance unbootable if it is not already.
Suspend the instance using the virsh command, taking note of the internal ID:
# virsh list Id Name State ---------------------------------- 1 instance-00000981 running 2 instance-000009f5 running 30 instance-0000274a running # virsh suspend 30 Domain 30 suspended
Find the ID for each instance by listing the server IDs using the following command:
# openstack server list +--------------------------------------+-------+---------+-----------------------------+------------+ | ID | Name | Status | Networks | Image Name | +--------------------------------------+-------+---------+-----------------------------+------------+ | 2da14c5c-de6d-407d-a7d2-2dd0862b9967 | try3 | ACTIVE | finance-internal=10.10.0.4 | | | 223f4860-722a-44a0-bac7-f73f58beec7b | try2 | ACTIVE | finance-internal=10.10.0.13 | | +--------------------------------------+-------+---------+-----------------------------+------------+
Connect the qemu-nbd device to the disk:
# cd /var/lib/nova/instances/instance-0000274a # ls -lh total 33M -rw-rw---- 1 libvirt-qemu kvm 6.3K Oct 15 11:31 console.log -rw-r--r-- 1 libvirt-qemu kvm 33M Oct 15 22:06 disk -rw-r--r-- 1 libvirt-qemu kvm 384K Oct 15 22:06 disk.local -rw-rw-r-- 1 nova nova 1.7K Oct 15 11:30 libvirt.xml # qemu-nbd -c /dev/nbd0 `pwd`/disk
Mount the qemu-nbd device.
The qemu-nbd device tries to export the instance disk’s different partitions as separate devices. For example, if vda is the disk and vda1 is the root partition, qemu-nbd exports the device as
/dev/nbd0and/dev/nbd0p1, respectively:# mount /dev/nbd0p1 /mnt/
You can now access the contents of
/mnt, which correspond to the first partition of the instance’s disk.To examine the secondary or ephemeral disk, use an alternate mount point if you want both primary and secondary drives mounted at the same time:
# umount /mnt # qemu-nbd -c /dev/nbd1 `pwd`/disk.local # mount /dev/nbd1 /mnt/ # ls -lh /mnt/ total 76K lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Oct 15 00:44 bin -> usr/bin dr-xr-xr-x. 4 root root 4.0K Oct 15 01:07 boot drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Oct 15 00:42 dev drwxr-xr-x. 70 root root 4.0K Oct 15 11:31 etc drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4.0K Oct 15 01:07 home lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Oct 15 00:44 lib -> usr/lib lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Oct 15 00:44 lib64 -> usr/lib64 drwx------. 2 root root 16K Oct 15 00:42 lost+found drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Feb 3 2012 media drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Feb 3 2012 mnt drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Feb 3 2012 opt drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Oct 15 00:42 proc dr-xr-x---. 3 root root 4.0K Oct 15 21:56 root drwxr-xr-x. 14 root root 4.0K Oct 15 01:07 run lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Oct 15 00:44 sbin -> usr/sbin drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Feb 3 2012 srv drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Oct 15 00:42 sys drwxrwxrwt. 9 root root 4.0K Oct 15 16:29 tmp drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4.0K Oct 15 00:44 usr drwxr-xr-x. 17 root root 4.0K Oct 15 00:44 var
Once you have completed the inspection, unmount the mount point and release the qemu-nbd device:
# umount /mnt # qemu-nbd -d /dev/nbd0 /dev/nbd0 disconnected
Resume the instance using virsh:
# virsh list Id Name State ---------------------------------- 1 instance-00000981 running 2 instance-000009f5 running 30 instance-0000274a paused # virsh resume 30 Domain 30 resumed
Managing floating IP addresses between instances¶
In an elastic cloud environment using the Public_AGILE network, each
instance has a publicly accessible IPv4 & IPv6 address. It does not support
the concept of OpenStack floating IP addresses that can easily be attached,
removed, and transferred between instances. However, there is a workaround
using neutron ports which contain the IPv4 & IPv6 address.
Create a port that can be reused
Create a port on the
Public_AGILEnetwork:$ openstack port create port1 --network Public_AGILE Created a new port: +-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up | UP | | allowed_address_pairs | | | binding_host_id | None | | binding_profile | None | | binding_vif_details | None | | binding_vif_type | None | | binding_vnic_type | normal | | created_at | 2017-02-26T14:23:18Z | | description | | | device_id | | | device_owner | | | dns_assignment | None | | dns_name | None | | extra_dhcp_opts | | | fixed_ips | ip_address='96.118.182.106', | | | subnet_id='4279c70a-7218-4c7e-94e5-7bd4c045644e' | | | ip_address='2001:558:fc0b:100:f816:3eff:fefb:45fb', | | | subnet_id='11d8087b-6288-4129-95ff-42c3df0c1df0' | | id | 3871bf29-e963-4701-a7dd-8888dbaab375 | | ip_address | None | | mac_address | fa:16:3e:e2:09:e0 | | name | port1 | | network_id | f41bd921-3a59-49c4-aa95-c2e4496a4b56 | | option_name | None | | option_value | None | | port_security_enabled | True | | project_id | 52f0574689f14c8a99e7ca22c4eb572 | | qos_policy_id | None | | revision_number | 6 | | security_groups | 20d96891-0055-428a-8fa6-d5aed25f0dc6 | | status | DOWN | | subnet_id | None | | updated_at | 2017-02-26T14:23:19Z | +-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
If you know the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) that will be assigned to the IP address, assign the port with the same name:
$ openstack port create "example-fqdn-01.sys.example.com" --network Public_AGILE Created a new port: +-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | admin_state_up | UP | | allowed_address_pairs | | | binding_host_id | None | | binding_profile | None | | binding_vif_details | None | | binding_vif_type | None | | binding_vnic_type | normal | | created_at | 2017-02-26T14:24:16Z | | description | | | device_id | | | device_owner | | | dns_assignment | None | | dns_name | None | | extra_dhcp_opts | | | fixed_ips | ip_address='96.118.182.107', | | | subnet_id='4279c70a-7218-4c7e-94e5-7bd4c045644e' | | | ip_address='2001:558:fc0b:100:f816:3eff:fefb:65fc', | | | subnet_id='11d8087b-6288-4129-95ff-42c3df0c1df0' | | id | 731c3b28-3753-4e63-bae3-b58a52d6ccca | | ip_address | None | | mac_address | fa:16:3e:fb:65:fc | | name | example-fqdn-01.sys.example.com | | network_id | f41bd921-3a59-49c4-aa95-c2e4496a4b56 | | option_name | None | | option_value | None | | port_security_enabled | True | | project_id | 52f0574689f14c8a99e7ca22c4eb5720 | | qos_policy_id | None | | revision_number | 6 | | security_groups | 20d96891-0055-428a-8fa6-d5aed25f0dc6 | | status | DOWN | | subnet_id | None | | updated_at | 2017-02-26T14:24:17Z | +-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
Use the port when creating an instance:
$ openstack server create --flavor m1.medium --image ubuntu.qcow2 \ --key-name team_key --nic port-id=PORT_ID \ "example-fqdn-01.sys.example.com"
Verify the instance has the correct IP address:
+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ | OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL | | OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | nova | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host | os_compute-1 | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname | os_compute.ece.example.com | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name | instance-00012b82 | | OS-EXT-STS:power_state | Running | | OS-EXT-STS:task_state | None | | OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | active | | OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | 2016-11-30T08:55:27.000000 | | OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | None | | accessIPv4 | | | accessIPv6 | | | addresses | public=172.24.4.236 | | config_drive | | | created | 2016-11-30T08:55:14Z | | flavor | m1.medium (103) | | hostId | aca973d5b7981faaf8c713a0130713bbc1e64151be65c8dfb53039f7 | | id | f91bd761-6407-46a6-b5fd-11a8a46e4983 | | image | Example Cloud Ubuntu 14.04 x86_64 v2.5 (fb49d7e1-273b-...| | key_name | team_key | | name | example-fqdn-01.sys.example.com | | os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | [] | | progress | 0 | | project_id | 2daf82a578e9437cab396c888ff0ca57 | | properties | | | security_groups | [{u'name': u'default'}] | | status | ACTIVE | | updated | 2016-11-30T08:55:27Z | | user_id | 8cbea24666ae49bbb8c1641f9b12d2d2 | +--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
Check the port connection using the netcat utility:
$ nc -v -w 2 96.118.182.107 22 Ncat: Version 7.00 ( https://nmap.org/ncat ) Ncat: Connected to 96.118.182.107:22. SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.6.1p1 Ubuntu-2ubuntu2.6
Detach a port from an instance
Find the port corresponding to the instance. For example:
$ openstack port list | grep -B1 96.118.182.107 | 731c3b28-3753-4e63-bae3-b58a52d6ccca | example-fqdn-01.sys.example.com | fa:16:3e:fb:65:fc | ip_address='96.118.182.107', subnet_id='4279c70a-7218-4c7e-94e5-7bd4c045644e' |
Run the openstack port set command to remove the port from the instance:
$ openstack port set 731c3b28-3753-4e63-bae3-b58a52d6ccca \ --device "" --device-owner "" --no-binding-profile
Delete the instance and create a new instance using the
--nic port-idoption.
Retrieve an IP address when an instance is deleted before detaching a port
The following procedure is a possible workaround to retrieve an IP address when an instance has been deleted with the port still attached:
Launch several neutron ports:
$ for i in {0..10}; do openstack port create --network Public_AGILE \ ip-recovery; done
Check the ports for the lost IP address and update the name:
$ openstack port set 731c3b28-3753-4e63-bae3-b58a52d6ccca \ --name "don't delete"
Delete the ports that are not needed:
$ for port in $(openstack port list | grep -i ip-recovery | \ awk '{print $2}'); do openstack port delete $port; done
If you still cannot find the lost IP address, repeat these steps again.
Volumes¶
If the affected instances also had attached volumes, first generate a list of instance and volume UUIDs:
mysql> select nova.instances.uuid as instance_uuid,
cinder.volumes.id as volume_uuid, cinder.volumes.status,
cinder.volumes.attach_status, cinder.volumes.mountpoint,
cinder.volumes.display_name from cinder.volumes
inner join nova.instances on cinder.volumes.instance_uuid=nova.instances.uuid
where nova.instances.host = 'c01.example.com';
You should see a result similar to the following:
+--------------+------------+-------+--------------+-----------+--------------+
|instance_uuid |volume_uuid |status |attach_status |mountpoint | display_name |
+--------------+------------+-------+--------------+-----------+--------------+
|9b969a05 |1f0fbf36 |in-use |attached |/dev/vdc | test |
+--------------+------------+-------+--------------+-----------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Next, manually detach and reattach the volumes, where X is the proper mount point:
# openstack server remove volume <instance_uuid> <volume_uuid>
# openstack server add volume <instance_uuid> <volume_uuid> --device /dev/vdX
Be sure that the instance has successfully booted and is at a login screen before doing the above.
Total Compute Node Failure¶
Compute nodes can fail the same way a cloud controller can fail. A motherboard failure or some other type of hardware failure can cause an entire compute node to go offline. When this happens, all instances running on that compute node will not be available. Just like with a cloud controller failure, if your infrastructure monitoring does not detect a failed compute node, your users will notify you because of their lost instances.
If a compute node fails and won’t be fixed for a few hours (or at all),
you can relaunch all instances that are hosted on the failed node if you
use shared storage for /var/lib/nova/instances.
To do this, generate a list of instance UUIDs that are hosted on the failed node by running the following query on the nova database:
mysql> select uuid from instances
where host = 'c01.example.com' and deleted = 0;
Next, update the nova database to indicate that all instances that used to be hosted on c01.example.com are now hosted on c02.example.com:
mysql> update instances set host = 'c02.example.com'
where host = 'c01.example.com' and deleted = 0;
If you’re using the Networking service ML2 plug-in, update the Networking service database to indicate that all ports that used to be hosted on c01.example.com are now hosted on c02.example.com:
mysql> update ml2_port_bindings set host = 'c02.example.com'
where host = 'c01.example.com';
mysql> update ml2_port_binding_levels set host = 'c02.example.com'
where host = 'c01.example.com';
After that, use the openstack command to reboot all instances that were on c01.example.com while regenerating their XML files at the same time:
# openstack server reboot --hard <server>
Finally, reattach volumes using the same method described in the section Volumes.
/var/lib/nova/instances¶
It’s worth mentioning this directory in the context of failed compute nodes. This directory contains the libvirt KVM file-based disk images for the instances that are hosted on that compute node. If you are not running your cloud in a shared storage environment, this directory is unique across all compute nodes.
/var/lib/nova/instances contains two types of directories.
The first is the _base directory. This contains all the cached base
images from glance for each unique image that has been launched on that
compute node. Files ending in _20 (or a different number) are the
ephemeral base images.
The other directories are titled instance-xxxxxxxx. These
directories correspond to instances running on that compute node. The
files inside are related to one of the files in the _base directory.
They’re essentially differential-based files containing only the changes
made from the original _base directory.
All files and directories in /var/lib/nova/instances are uniquely
named. The files in _base are uniquely titled for the glance image that
they are based on, and the directory names instance-xxxxxxxx are
uniquely titled for that particular instance. For example, if you copy
all data from /var/lib/nova/instances on one compute node to
another, you do not overwrite any files or cause any damage to images
that have the same unique name, because they are essentially the same
file.
Although this method is not documented or supported, you can use it when your compute node is permanently offline but you have instances locally stored on it.
