Ceph RADOS Block Device (RBD)

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If you use KVM or QEMU as your hypervisor, you can configure the Compute service to use Ceph RADOS block devices (RBD) for volumes.

Ceph is a massively scalable, open source, distributed storage system. It is comprised of an object store, block store, and a POSIX-compliant distributed file system. The platform can auto-scale to the exabyte level and beyond. It runs on commodity hardware, is self-healing and self-managing, and has no single point of failure. Ceph is in the Linux kernel and is integrated with the OpenStack cloud operating system. Due to its open-source nature, you can install and use this portable storage platform in public or private clouds.

Figure 2.1. Ceph architecture

RADOS

Ceph is based on RADOS: Reliable Autonomic Distributed Object Store. RADOS distributes objects across the storage cluster and replicates objects for fault tolerance. RADOS contains the following major components:

Object Storage Device (OSD) Daemon. The storage daemon for the RADOS service, which interacts with the OSD (physical or logical storage unit for your data).
You must run this daemon on each server in your cluster. For each OSD, you can have an associated hard drive disk. For performance purposes, pool your hard drive disk with raid arrays, logical volume management (LVM), or B-tree file system (Btrfs) pooling. By default, the following pools are created: data, metadata, and RBD.
Meta-Data Server (MDS). Stores metadata. MDSs build a POSIX file system on top of objects for Ceph clients. However, if you do not use the Ceph file system, you do not need a metadata server.
Monitor (MON). A lightweight daemon that handles all communications with external applications and clients. It also provides a consensus for distributed decision making in a Ceph/RADOS cluster. For instance, when you mount a Ceph shared on a client, you point to the address of a MON server. It checks the state and the consistency of the data. In an ideal setup, you must run at least three ceph-mon daemons on separate servers.

Ceph developers recommend that you use Btrfs as a file system for storage. XFS might be a better alternative for production environments;XFS is an excellent alternative to Btrfs. The ext4 file system is also compatible but does not exploit the power of Ceph.

Note

	Note
If using `Btrfs`, ensure that you use the correct version (see Ceph Dependencies). For more information about usable file systems, see ceph.com/ceph-storage/file-system/.

If using Btrfs, ensure that you use the correct version (see Ceph Dependencies).

For more information about usable file systems, see ceph.com/ceph-storage/file-system/.

Ways to store, use, and expose data

To store and access your data, you can use the following storage systems:

RADOS. Use as an object, default storage mechanism.
RBD. Use as a block device. The Linux kernel RBD (RADOS block device) driver allows striping a Linux block device over multiple distributed object store data objects. It is compatible with the KVM RBD image.
CephFS. Use as a file, POSIX-compliant file system.

Ceph exposes RADOS; you can access it through the following interfaces:

RADOS Gateway. OpenStack Object Storage and Amazon-S3 compatible RESTful interface (see RADOS_Gateway).
librados, and its related C/C++ bindings.
RBD and QEMU-RBD. Linux kernel and QEMU block devices that stripe data across multiple objects.

Driver options

The following table contains the configuration options supported by the Ceph RADOS Block Device driver.

	Deprecation notice
	The `volume_tmp_dir` option has been deprecated and replaced by `image_conversion_dir`.

Table 2.1. Description of Ceph storage configuration options
Configuration option = Default value	Description
[DEFAULT]
`rados_connect_timeout` = `-1`	(IntOpt) Timeout value (in seconds) used when connecting to ceph cluster. If value < 0, no timeout is set and default librados value is used.
`rbd_ceph_conf` =	(StrOpt) Path to the ceph configuration file
`rbd_flatten_volume_from_snapshot` = `False`	(BoolOpt) Flatten volumes created from snapshots to remove dependency from volume to snapshot
`rbd_max_clone_depth` = `5`	(IntOpt) Maximum number of nested volume clones that are taken before a flatten occurs. Set to 0 to disable cloning.
`rbd_pool` = `rbd`	(StrOpt) The RADOS pool where rbd volumes are stored
`rbd_secret_uuid` = `None`	(StrOpt) The libvirt uuid of the secret for the rbd_user volumes
`rbd_store_chunk_size` = `4`	(IntOpt) Volumes will be chunked into objects of this size (in megabytes).
`rbd_user` = `None`	(StrOpt) The RADOS client name for accessing rbd volumes - only set when using cephx authentication
`volume_tmp_dir` = `None`	(StrOpt) Directory where temporary image files are stored when the volume driver does not write them directly to the volume. Warning: this option is now deprecated, please use image_conversion_dir instead.

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